A Few Places left where state standard circuit breakers can be used, typically for large home electrical appliances.
And do n’t forget that gfcis need to be readily avled to be reset. This Means they should n’t be installed on the ceiling under unduri massage tubaed.
FIXED SWITCH Manuffur After a Fire has started.
Ultra-thin wallpaper body design subverts TV form
Skyworth is the first TV manufacturer with OBM capability and qualification in China, and W81 series TV is Skyworth’s first OBM self-made OLED product. W81 TV series adopts ultra-thin Wallpaper OLED wallpaper design and split structure, and uses the self-luminous and flexible characteristics of OLED screen to compress the thickness of the screen again, and breaks through the traditional form limitation with a 4.6mm ultra-thin body to create a new TV technology product with wallpaper shape, which can be "pasted" on the living room wall without any sense of disobedience, just like a mural, bringing a new height of home appliance aesthetics.
However, the necessary circuits, interfaces, chips, panel driving circuits and other structures on the conventional TV are all externally connected in the W81 series TV, and the appearance is more exquisite than that of the ordinary split TV only through a special Geek Link optical fiber cable. At the same time, W81 series TVs are equipped with TrensAI EYE 2.0 sliding AI camera and color indicator light, which shows the beauty of technology in details. W81 series TV has also changed from "hanging on the wall" to "sticking on the wall", subverting the TV form again.
Compared with the standard version of W81, the pro version of W81 has also innovatively added a 21-inch electric lifting sub-screen equipped with Swaiot OS interface. With the display function of AOD DUAL dual dual-screen, the sub-screen can display permanent information such as time and weather, and instant information such as voice response and IOT device response for 24 hours, thus improving the efficiency of information acquisition for users. In addition, the W81 series TV can also be used with Swaiot PANEL to realize the real interconnection between screens. Swaiot PANEL is a magnetic screen that can interact with and control TV, and the content played on the main screen can be synchronized to Swaiot PANEL. Users can also control TV and Swaiot smart devices through Swaiot PANEL, and enjoy the unfettered home control experience. In the future, Swaiot PANEL can also be connected with more Skyworth products, giving smart family life more exciting possibilities.
Black technology blessing Skyworth W81 sound quality upgrade again
In order to bring consumers a more extreme viewing experience, Skyworth W81 series TV is equipped with a chameleon AI image quality chip independently developed by Skyworth, which can intelligently adjust the image quality through multiple dimensions such as color, contrast, definition and motion, making the picture more delicate, realistic and rich in layers. At the same time, W81 TV series supports Dolby Vision)HDR imaging technology, and brings vivid entertainment experience to users with extremely vivid picture quality-incredible brightness, contrast and color. At the same time, W81 series TV also uses SOBiF no afterimage technology, and brings together ten technical solutions, which makes the probability of afterimage of TV in normal use scene almost zero, and brings better viewing experience to users.
In terms of sound quality, Skyworth W81 Pro is equipped with Dolby Atmos)2.1.2. Dolby panoramic sound is a big leap after surround sound, and the all-round lingering sound is wrapped around or even above the user, bringing all-round shocking smart sound effects. The left and right speakers of Skyworth W81 Pro can accurately present the sound, the woofer can create a powerful subwoofer effect, and the two upward reflecting speakers can make the upward sound reflected into the ear, so as to create a more immersive three-dimensional sound field with Dolby panoramic sound. This collocation design allows users to feel the cinema-like audio-visual experience at home. Skyworth W81 Pro version takes into account the integrity of the external structure of the TV box in the speaker design, and cooperates with Dolby panoramic sound to create a more shocking and immersive hall-level sound enjoyment for fans who love family entertainment.
Dual-system High Configuration Innovating Smart Home Experience
Skyworth has always been committed to creating high-quality home audio-visual entertainment experience for consumers, and the optimization of system and various hardware configurations is also the focus of Skyworth’s continuous improvement. The W81 series TV is also Skyworth Swaiot CENTER, namely Xiaowei Zhilian Ecological Center, which is equipped with SWAOTOS and cool open dual systems, and has dual attributes of smart screen and smart TV. Users can view, control and manage the whole house’s Swaiot smart devices on the W81 series TV through far-field voice interaction, while enjoying the immersion of big-screen viewing, they can always control the state of smart devices and completely liberate their hands. In addition, with the help of TrensAI EYE 2.0 sliding AI camera, W81 series TV can also become a family interactive entertainment center. Users can establish contact with their families in different places through the camera, and realize the close connection of breaking through the time and geographical boundaries in large-screen video calls, and help build a happy family with scientific and technological products.
At the press conference, Skyworth announced that the market retail price of the 65-inch W81 standard version was 24,999 yuan, and the market retail price of the 65-inch W81 Pro version was 29,999 yuan. It is believed that this futuristic self-luminous wallpaper TV will meet the demand of high-end market for high-performance large-size TV and become the favorite choice of many consumers. In the pursuit of quality, there will never be an end. In the future, Skyworth will continue to subvert consumers’ home life with "amazing" products beyond imagination through continuous technological innovation.
Is so is ‘as is’ and that they may not return any item they public for any reason.
USE The Proxy Bidding Feature and Leave their Maximum Bid 24 Hours Before The Auction Begins. Kiko Auctioneers Reserves the Right to Withraw or Re-Catalog items in this in this
and payment intension for this sale.
Against Any Claim If Sales Tax is Not Collected on Bidder’s Purchases. Bidder agrees that under no circumstance Will he/She Initiaback on his credit Card.
To Comply with Any Stated Additional Terms or Conditions Association with Particular Items.
9. We want you to be happy with your purchases! If you have any questions about the merchandise the time to ask questions is in advance of the live actions.
10. All it ites not picked up during scheduled pickup times will be forfeited by the buyer.
Court Having JurisDiction thereof. Any and all disputes, when it was by arbitration or otherwise, shall be veneed, heard and decided in starting, ohio.
It is understood that Amazon initiated the recall after receiving 30 reports from users in the United States and Canada. In the report, users said that these devices may overheat and break down, which may cause burning, sparking or fire. There are also two reports that these devices have caused minor damage to power outlets. However, there are no reports of fire or casualties caused by heater failure.
The US Consumer Product Safety Commission advises consumers who have bought this product to unplug it and stop using it, and apply for a refund. In addition, Amazon will also send an email to consumers to inform them.
The representative of Amazon declined to comment on this incident.
In fact, as early as March 2018, Amazon also announced the recall of 260,000 AmazonBasics brand charging treasures. It is understood that there were 53 cases of overheating of AmazonBasics brand charging treasure at that time, and one of them caught fire because of overheating of chemicals.
(Compile/Hugo Net Chen Xiaoru)
[Special Declaration] Without permission, no individual or organization may copy, reprint or otherwise use the contents of this website. Reprinted please contact: editor@cifnews.com.
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Rising metal prices directly push up the cost of downstream manufacturing. Taking steel as an example, the price of domestic rebar has risen to 6200 yuan/ton, which has become the focus of attention in all aspects. In the same period, the executive meeting of the State Council has repeatedly studied the problem of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices of bulk commodities, demanding that we attach great importance to the adverse effects caused by rising prices, highlight key comprehensive policies and precise regulation, and curb its unreasonable rise. Therefore, today we select two key varieties, copper and iron ore, to analyze the historical price fluctuation law, and look at the new factors of this round of price increase through analysis.
Analysis of fluctuation law and trend of copper and iron ore prices
(A) the law of copper price fluctuations and the analysis and judgment of the current price
Judging from the historical price of copper in the past 20 years, the copper futures price on the London Metal Exchange includes three obvious price cycles, namely the first cycle from 2004 to 2008, the second cycle from 2009 to 2015 and the third cycle from 2016 to 2020 (see Figure 1).
Through comparison, it is found that the rising stage of the first three cycles has the following three characteristics:
First, the rising stage is about two years. The rising phase of the first three cycles lasted 24 months, 25 months and 24 months respectively.
Second, the price increases all exceeded 50%, with an average increase of 189%. The price increases in the first three cycles were 242%, 257% and 68% respectively.
Third, the price starting point of each cycle continues to rise. The initial prices of the first three cycles in the rising phase were USD 2513/ton (May 17, 2004), USD 2845/ton (December 24, 2008) and USD 4331/ton (January 15, 2016) respectively. At present, the international copper price is in the rising stage of the fourth cycle, with the starting price of $4,360/ton (March 23, 2020), which has risen for 16 months, with the largest increase of 126% and a record high. Its trend is similar to the rising stage of the second cycle, and the final high price may exceed expectations. As a big consumer country, China may face a more severe price situation.
(two) the fluctuation law of iron ore price and the analysis and judgment of the current price
Compared with copper futures prices with a history of more than 40 years, iron ore prices have only been priced by index since 2008. In the past ten years, Platts’ 62% grade iron ore price index has shown a "V" trend (see Figure 2).
Specifically:
The first stage is the decline stage from February 2011 to December 2015, which lasts for 4 years and 10 months, from $193 per ton to the historical low of $38.5, with a drop of 80%;
The second stage is the rising stage from December 2015 to the present, with a total of 5 years and 7 months. Among them, there are four high points on February 21st, 2017 (95.05 USD/ton), July 3rd, 2019 (126.35 USD/ton), December 21st, 2020 (176.90 USD/ton) and May 12th, 2021 (233.10 USD/ton), respectively.
Through the comprehensive analysis of the historical price and reasons of iron ore, we believe that the current iron ore price is at an irrational high level, the market speculation bubble is obvious, the financial premium is beyond the reasonable range, and the time interval between high points is greatly shortened due to the COVID-19 epidemic. It is expected that the price may fluctuate violently in the later period, and the market is at a higher risk stage.
The structural contradiction between supply and demand brought about by the COVID-19 epidemic is the main reason for pushing up metal prices.
In 2020, an COVID-19 epidemic swept the world, causing the global economy to fall into a historic recession, and the overall economic impact far exceeded the 2008 financial crisis. In particular, the intensification of ideological confrontation, the problem of virus traceability and the politicization of vaccine distribution have increased the trend of "anti-globalization". The global commodity supply chain is affected by more non-supply and demand fundamental factors, and the output of superimposed metal material producing countries has declined due to the epidemic, which has jointly aggravated the structural contradiction between supply and demand.
(1) The epidemic has brought significant changes to the global economy and the short-term supply and demand pattern of commodities.
Since 2020, the global spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has dealt a heavy blow to the economies of various countries, and the global economy has declined by 3.3%. After the United States began to vaccinate in early 2021, the economy recovered relatively steadily. In the first quarter of 2021, the United States achieved economic growth of 0.4%, while China achieved rapid growth of 18.3%. As the two most important economies in the global economy, the economic growth of the United States and China, especially the rapid economic growth of China, has led to a sharp rise in commodity prices. At the same time, in many developing countries, especially those that rely on resource export, the epidemic situation is weak, the vaccination rate is low, the virus mutation is complex, and they have to continue to adopt "sealing off the country" measures to deal with it. Due to the blockade measures of resource exporting countries, the supply side of bulk commodities appears short-term mismatch, insufficient supply or poor transportation, which leads to the price increase of most bulk commodities.
(2) The epidemic situation has aggravated the structural imbalance between supply and demand of copper mines.
The epidemic situation has further aggravated the tight supply of copper. Chile and Peru are the top two copper producers in the world. China imports copper for smelting and is the largest refined copper producer in the world. According to the data of World Bureau of Metals Statistics (WBMS), from 2017 to 2019, the copper production in Chile and Peru accounted for 27.7% and 11.9% respectively, totaling 39.8%, and the refined copper production in China accounted for 38.6% in the world.
The epidemic situation in Chile has been repeated, and copper mining enterprises have been forced to close down in stages, which has affected the transportation of copper mines. For example, in June 2020, Chile’s largest national copper company closed its smelter and refinery in Chukikamata, the second largest copper mine; In April 2021, the Chilean government announced the closure of the border for one month. Although the Chilean Ministry of Energy and Mines said that the closure of the border will not affect the normal operation of maritime transportation and mining enterprises, the market’s concerns about copper supply are still driving the price of copper to rise.
In another producing country, Peru, in order to curb the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, from March to June, 2020, the country implemented nationwide compulsory quarantine. After the quarantine measures were lifted in some parts of Peru in July, the number of newly confirmed cases in COVID-19 rose rapidly, and it was forced to implement compulsory quarantine again on January 31, 2021, and continued until the end of June. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the epidemic situation and blockade measures have led to a significant decline in Peru’s copper production.
(3) The epidemic situation has intensified concerns about the global iron ore supply.
There has been an oligopoly pattern in the global iron ore market for a long time. Compared with copper, the market is more fragile and more sensitive to the political situation and epidemic situation of relevant countries. China’s iron ore imports are highly concentrated in Australia and Brazil, accounting for about 60% and 20% of the total imports respectively, accounting for about 80% of the total imports. At present, the four major miners (BHP Billiton in Australia, Rio Tinto in Britain, Vale in Brazil and FMG in Australia) have achieved a high degree of monopoly on global high-quality iron ore resources, and their total iron ore output is close to half of the global output.
In early 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic struck, the price of iron ore rose sharply in the first place, even though most of the global commodity prices were still falling. The COVID-19 epidemic caused the output of international mining giants to fall short of expectations. For example, the iron ore production and transportation of Vale and Rio Tinto were affected by the epidemic, and the supply was insufficient. Especially since the second half of 2020, the Australian government has politicized the issue of virus traceability, which has led to the deterioration of Sino-Australian relations and triggered market concerns about iron ore supply. Because China’s high-grade iron ore mainly comes from Australia, speculative funds have been greatly speculated, and the price of iron ore has risen irrationally, resulting in obvious political and epidemic premium.
Excess liquidity magnifies the contradiction between supply and demand and the price increase.
In response to the impact of the epidemic, the world’s major economies have adopted a series of monetary and fiscal stimulus policies, with excessive liquidity, a lower dollar and a sharp rise in financial markets and commodity prices. Liquidity provides speculators with sufficient ammunition for speculation, while the structural contradiction between supply and demand caused by the epidemic, the unsynchronized epidemic prevention and control in major countries, the unfair distribution of vaccines, and the staged differences in the economic restart of major economies have provided the market with a broad speculation theme, which has stimulated and amplified the price increase.
Global liquidity has increased dramatically. In order to get rid of the epidemic situation, countries mainly adopt increasing liquidity to stimulate the economy. In the United States, for example, the assets of the Federal Reserve have increased by $4.0 trillion since 2020, an increase of ninety-seven percent. Among them, from March to May 2020, it increased by 2.9 trillion US dollars, an increase of 69%. At the same time, the M2 of the United States increased by 4.8 trillion US dollars, with an increase rate of 31%.
The commodity market is located in the upstream of the industrial chain and is the "preference" target of venture capital. Funds are moving closer to the commodity market with low risks and clear returns in the economic restart, and continue to accumulate long-term power, which has become an important driver of price increases.
The increase in liquidity directly leads to the depreciation of the US dollar, which is another important factor for the rise in international commodity prices. The depreciation of the dollar has two driving forces:
On the one hand, there is a clear negative correlation between the dollar and commodity prices. Commodities are denominated in dollars. When they depreciate, their prices will rise, and vice versa.
On the other hand, the dollar is the main source of liquidity increase, and the flood of liquidity directly increases the speculative demand of international commodities. There is a statistically negative correlation between the US dollar index and the CRB index, which reflects the international commodity prices, and this negative correlation has become more clear since the epidemic. The US dollar index dropped from 102.817 points on March 20th, 2020 to 89.436 points on January 5th, 2021, with a decrease of 13%. The CRB index rose from 106.3 points on April 21, 2020 to 195.1 points on February 24, 2021, with an increase of 84%.
The epidemic situation once again shows that China’s influence on metal prices is insufficient.
China, as the first country to break through the new crown pneumonia epidemic, its special and unrepeatable anti-epidemic methods show strong institutional advantages and become the "backbone" and important engine of global economic recovery. However, the sharp rise in metal prices has dragged down the driving force of economic growth, once again highlighting the obvious shortcomings in China’s industrial chain and price influence.
(A) China metal industry position to further consolidate.
China is the world’s largest producer of iron and steel, has been the world’s largest consumer and importer of iron ore for many years, and is also a big importer of copper concentrate and a big producer of refined copper. The epidemic situation has further strengthened China’s position in the metal industry.
In terms of copper mines, according to the data of the International Copper Research Organization (ICSG) and the National Bureau of Statistics, the global refined copper output in 2020 was 24.437 million tons, up 1.65% year-on-year, and the refined copper output in China was 10.025 million tons, up 2.46% year-on-year, accounting for 40.70% of the global refined copper output in 2019 to 41.02% in 2020.
In terms of iron ore, according to the data of the General Administration of Customs, China imported 1.17 billion tons of iron ore and its concentrate in 2020, a year-on-year increase of 9.5%. According to the data of the World Iron and Steel Association, the global crude steel output reached 1.864 billion tons in 2020, down 0.9% year-on-year, while China’s crude steel output reached 1.053 billion tons, up 5.2% year-on-year, and its share of global crude steel output increased from 53.3% in 2019 to 56.5% in 2020.
(B) Western hype "China factor", once again reflects the weakness of China’s weak price influence.
For a long time, the status of China’s metal industry does not match the price influence, and the right to speak on the price is firmly in the hands of the seller. The rapid recovery of China’s economy from the epidemic has led to an obvious increase in the demand for metals. However, western institutions advocate a "super bull market" to speculate on the "China factor", attributing the price increase to China’s demand and making China "take the fall" for the price increase.
In early 2021, Goldman Sachs threw out the argument that "commodities are welcoming a bull market". In April, when it announced the closure of the border in Chile, it said that "copper can be bottomed out", released a research report on "copper is new oil" and raised the copper price target for the next 12 months to $11,000 per ton; Bank of America even shouted that copper prices may soar to $13,000 per ton in the next few months. From this, we can see that the prices of metal varieties such as copper and iron ore, which are necessary and relatively scarce for China’s economic development, have become the main targets of speculation, once again reflecting the shortcomings of China’s weak influence on metal prices. Even, China’s commitment to peak carbon dioxide emissions has become an excuse to maliciously speculate on the high price of metal raw materials.
(C) High metal prices are the main transmission direction of imported inflation at present.
China’s metal import prices have risen sharply. According to the data of the General Administration of Customs, the average price of imported iron ore and its concentrate in China has continuously increased from 87.4 USD/ton in May 2020 to 174.0 USD/ton in May 2021, with an increase of 99%. The average price of imported copper ore and its concentrate in China rose from $1,362/ton in June 2020 to $2,384/ton in May 2021, with an increase of 75%.
Due to the upward trend of metal prices, the material cost of downstream industries has been pushed up, which is the main transmission source of imported inflation. For example, due to the soaring steel price caused by the rising iron ore price, the cost of the downstream main steel industry has soared. According to preliminary calculations, the upward trend of iron ore prices since March 2020 alone has increased the cost of each car by more than 2,200 yuan, and the new cost per 100 million yuan of infrastructure investment has increased by more than 7.3 million yuan.
At present, some casting, forging or metalworking enterprises in the market have announced that they will stop production due to rising raw material prices. This rise in the price of metal raw materials will be transmitted to downstream industries in the future, and finally to consumer goods, and will affect the level of consumer prices.
At present, the scissors gap between PPI index and CPI index in China is constantly expanding, and there is a trend to break through the historical high. This short-term conduction block does not mean that it will be blocked for a long time, and some of it will be transmitted to the final consumer goods. If CPI and PPI rise at the same time and run at a high level in the future, it means that the coming of inflation will have an adverse impact on the industrial chain and even the overall economic growth, and measures need to be taken to prevent it in advance.
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Circuit breaker is needed for smooth operation.
Related Post: Difference Between MCB, MCCB, ELCB & RCB, RCD or RCCB CIRCUIT BREAKERS
A Circuit Breaker (CB) is a Control and Protection Device Which:
Control (Make or Break) A Circuit Manually or by Remote Control Under NORMAL and FAULT CONDITIONS.
Break A Circuit Automatical Under Fault Conditions (Like Over Current, Short Circuit, ETC).
A Circuit Breaker is using for switching mechanism and propection of the system
Earthing & GROUNDING ETC.
Related Post: Main Difference Between Fuse and Circuit Breaker
How doEes a Circuit Breaker Work?
Automatically trip I.E. BREAK The Circuit from the main support.
The connected device.
Circuit Breaker According to the Device I.E. CB CURRENT ShULD Not Be Lower NOR HIGHEST But 125% of Circuit’s Current.
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MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) – Types, Construction, Working & Applications
Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) – Types, Construction, Operation & Applications
The following circuit breaker size class show the difference in % to the load, voltage level in different countries and exact size of breaker in amperses.
CALCULATE
Voltage
Breaker
Power usage
Difference:
Related Calculators:
Wire & Cable Size Calculator in AWG
Electrical Wire & Cable Size Calculator (Copper & Aluminum)
To determine the appropriat size of circuit breaker for single phase support, it depends on multiple factors like type of load, Cable Material and Environment Temperature Etc.
Example 1:
Support, a 12 gauge wire is used for 20 amperting circuit having 120V Single Phase Supply. What is the best size of circuit breaker for that 20 a circuit?
Solution:
Circuit Current: 12A
Circuit breaker size 😕
CB SIZE Should BE 125% of the Circuit Current.
= 125% x 20A
= 1.25 x 20A
Circuit Breaker Size = 25A
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How to size a load center, Panelboards and distribution building?
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Example 2:
What is the appropriant size of circuit breaker for 2000w, single phase 120V SUPPLY?
Solution:
Load: 2000W
Voltage: 120V (Single Phase)
Circuit Current:
According to the ohm ’s law,
I = p / v
I = 2000W / 120V
I = 16.66 A.
Circuit breaker size:
Simply, Multiply 1.2 or 1.25 to the loadurrent.
1.2 x 16.66 A
Circuit Breaker Size = 20 A
Example 3:
What is the suitable size of circuit breaker for 230V, 1840kw load single phase circuit?
Solution:
Current = Power / Voltage
I = 1840W / 230V
I = 8A
The Minimum Rating of Circuit Breaker Should Be 8A.
The Recomnded Size of Circuit Breaker Should
= 8A x 1.25
= 10
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Formula.
Good to know: for the same load, the breaker size in the three phase is less than the breaker size in Single Phase acrcuits.
Lets Find The Correct Size of Circuit Breaker for Three Phase Circuits As Follow.
Example 1: Which Size Circuit Breaker is Needed for 6.5kW, Three Phase 480V Load?
Solution:
Power in Three Phase: P = V x i X √3
Current: p / v x √3
I = 6.5kW / (480V x 1.732) … (√3 = 1.732)
I = 6.5kW / 831.36
I = 7.82A
The Recomnded Size of Circuit Breaker is
1.25 x 7.82a = 9.77a
The next closest Standard of Circuit Breaker is 10A.
Example 2: Find The Appropriate Size of CB for 3-PHASE 415V, 17kw Load?
Solution:
Current = Power / (VOLTAGE X √3)
I = 17000W / (415V x 1.732)
I = 23.65a
Recomgended Size of Circuit Breaker: 1.25 x 23.65a = 29.5A. The next closest value is 30A.
Relands
This is becape all loads are not same i.e loads are simultaneous (Continuous) who Other are non-simultaneous..
In case of concentious loads for Three or more hours, the load current should not exceed, 80% of the rated Circuit Breaker and OCPD.
The 80% of a 30A Circuit Breaker is 24A. This Way, a 30A Circuit can be safly use for 24A Circuit.
In Other Words, a load circuit having 24a, The Appropriatian of Breaker Would Be:
24A / 0.8 = 30A.
Example 1: CB SIZE for 30A NON-Contentious Load
An Exact 100% Rated for 30A Circuit Breaker Can Be used for 30A Non-Continuous Load.
Example 2: CB SIZE for 28A Contentious Load
In case of control, rate of %125 is applicable.
1.25 x 28 A = 35A
Example 3: CB SIZE for 30A Non-CONTENTIOUS LOAD & 28A Contentious Load
= 125% Continuous Load + 100% Non-Continuous Load
= (1.25 x 28A) + (30A)
= 75A
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An Over Sized Breaker used for Protection Can Damage the Water Heater Orter Connect Appliances event to the Fire Due to Overheat.
An Undersized Breaker or Same Rating with Load Current Breaker Can Trip and Reset the Circuit Again and Again. Use the correct size breaker.
A Single Phase Circuit Breaker Can n’t be using for the use for the child support.
A 3-POLES CIRCUIT BREAKER Can Be Uset on 3-PHASE SYSTEM USING EITHER 2 or 3 POLES.
A 3-POLES CIRCUIT BREAKER Can Be Uset on 1-PHASE SYSTEM only and only if indicoted by the markings or insanr manual.
30A Breaker and 10 Gauge Wire Can Be used 240V AC Supply.
Breaker Cannot Be Larger than ampages of wire except for some loads like more loads.
In Addition, a Circuit Breaker Rated for:
120V Can only be used for 120V.
240V Can be used for 120V, 240V But Not for 277V (Commercial Applications)
120-277 Can be used for 120V, 240V and 277v.
120V Can n’t be used on 240V Circuit and Vice Versa.
15A, 120V Can n’t be used on 20A, 120V Circuit.
Related Post: How to find Voltage & AMPERE RATING of Switch, Plug, Outlet & Receptacle
Breaker size for different types of load currents.
Load type
MAXIMUM CIRCUIT BREAKER SIZE % of Current
Resistive loads, heat, stoves, toasters, Water Heater ETC.
125%
Lighting loads
125%
430-152 Motors Hermetical SEALED*, Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps
175%
Welders
200%
MCP BREAKERS for Motors
125% or Next Larger Size
* Motors Except Hermetical SEALED 00-250% NEC
The following two charts shows the Suitable Circuit Breaker Sizes with Wire Gauge and Different level of voltages.
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Circuit Breaker, Foot and Protection Symbols
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How to wire single-pHASE, 230V consumer unit with RCD? IEC, uk & eu
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Single Phase Electrical Wiring Installation in ACB BREAKER Home – NEC & IEC
Three Phase Electrical Wiring Installation in Home – NEC & IEC
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Illustrate
Trigger Reason
Solution
Disch
Screen Blank
1. Check WHETHER the Battery Circuit Breaker, PV Circuit Breaker, and AC in Circuit Breaker Are Closed?
2. WHETHER the SWITCH is in the "on" state;
3. Press Any Button on the Screen to exit the screen sleep mode.
4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【01】
Battery UnderVoltage Protection
(Software Protection)
1. Check the battlery type, when it corresponds to the battle set by the machine. (Parameter: ITEM 08).
2. Check WHETHER the Actual Voltage Value of the Battery is Lower than the setting value of 14 Parameters.
If the voltage is low, the 14th parameter value, please charge the battle, and when the battery voltage is giveer than the 14th parameter value
3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【02】
Battery Average Discharge Current Overcurrent (Software Detection)
There are two ways to eliminate the 02 fault:
1. Manual reset: Power Off And RESTART The Machine.
(BeFore Restarting, Please Disconnect The Mains, Photovoltaic Input, And Load, and only use battered power))
2. Automatic Reset: Within 10 Minutes, The Battery Discharge Current is Lower than 118a.
(That is, Reduce the load and charge the battlela. Confirm the battle voltage. Generally, The Battery Voltage is too low in the range of 5K/118a = 42.37)
3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【03】
Battery Missing Warning
1. Check WHether The Battery is connected normal?
2. Check WHETHER the Ship Type Switch is not turned on (on -wepen)
3. The Lithium Battery May be in a Protected state. Set the 08 Parameter to the Lithium Battery Mode, Connect to the Photovoltaic Panel or MAINS, and CHARGE to action the battle.
5. Power Off And Restart the Machine.
6. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【04】
Battery Over-Discharge Protection
(Software Protection)
1. Measure the actual voltage of the battery or check the display screen of the machine to dispay the actual voltage of the battery, the whise is slow the 12 Parameter Values:
1.1. Please Continue to Charge the Battery. After the Battery Voltage Is Higher than the 35 Parameter Values, The Fault Will Be Automatic Eliminated.
1.2. If the battery voltage is higher than the 35 parameter values after charging, and the fault is not eliminated, please power off and restart the machine.
2. Measure the actual voltage of the battery or check the display screen of the machine to dispay the activity voltage of the battery, the whise is higher than the 12 Parameter Values:
2.1. Please Continue to Charge the Battery. After the Battery Voltage Is Higher than the 35 Parameter Values, The Fault Will Be Automatic Eliminated.
2.2. If the battery voltage is higher than the 35 parameter values after charging, and the fault is not eliminated, please power off and restart the machine.
2.3. Manual Reset: Power Off And RESTART The Machine.
3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【05】
Battery OverCurrential Protection
(Hardware Detection)
1. Power Off And Restart the Machine.
;
3. After restArting the Machine with only the battery, if the fault 05 is constinuously triggegered and cannot be reset with 3 minutes, there is a proplem impity, the mason.
4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【06】
Battery Overvoltage Protection
1. Disconnect the PV and MAINS POWER, RESTART The Machine,
3. Check When the Voltage On the Machine Display is Consistent with the Actual Battery Voltage. If the displayed voltage is inconsisisisisisisisisisisis, the action values, all
4. Check WHether The Battery input Voltage Is within the Range of the Machine. If it is not without, disconnect the input and connect to the battle
5. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【07】
Internal battery Battery Battery Battle
【08】
Internal battlery,
【09】
PV Input Overvoltage
1. Use a Multimeter to check the PV Input Voltage, WHETHER It Exceeeds or is very close to the allowable input voltage of the machine?
If Yes, Please Reduce the Number of PV Modules Connected in Series so that the pv matches the input voltage of the machine.
2. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【10】
PV Charging Overcurrent Software Protection
【11】
PV Charging Overcurrent Hardware Protection
【12】
Master-SLAVE CHIP SPI Communication Failure
【13】
Bypass Overload (Software Detection)
【14】
Inverter Overload (Software Detection)
【15】
Inverter Overcurrent (Hardware Detection)
1. Automatic Reset: Automatic Reset with 5 Minutes;
2. Manual reset: Reduce the load power, power off and restart the machine. (After connefirming that the machine displays an off screen, start the machine)
3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【16】
Slave Chip Request Shutdown Fault
1. Power Off And Restart the Machine.
2. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【17】
Inverter Short Circuit Protection
1. Carefully Check the load connection and clear the short-circuit faces;
2. Disconnect all wires from the machine, and only connected the battery to the machine.
3. Power Off And Restart the Machine.
4. If it is used in paradlel with the machine, please check when 31 Parameters are setting correctly.
5. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【18】
Bus soft start fault
1. Power Off And Restart the Machine.
2. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【19】
PV SIDE RADIATOR OVER-Temperature Protection
(Software Detection)
【20】
Inverter Radiator Over-Temperature Protection
(Software Detection)
【twenty one】
FAN FAILURE (Hardware Detection)
1. After shutting down, turn on the fanually to check when theReign matter blocking.
2. Remove the Lower Cover and Manually Toggle The Fan to See If the Cooling Fan is Blocked by Paper Jam in the Air Duct.
3. Check WHETHER the FAN WIRING IS Connected Properly "EUROPEAN Standard Has 2 Fans, American Standard Has 3
4. Replace the fan to rule out ofTher the Fan is damaged.
5. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【twenty three】
Model error
1. Contract us for Direct Remote Control (Prepare Computer, Install Host Computer Software, USB2.0 Cable, Install SUNFLOWER Remote Control Software)
2. Proven A Photo of the nameplate on the size of the machine and record the real-time parameters of the display screen.
【25】
Bus short circuit
Please contact us.
【26】
Input Relay Short Circuit
1. Disconnect the PV, MAINS and LOAD, RESTART The Machine, and Only Connect The Battery; See If the Fault Will Be Eliminated.
If the fault is eliminated, power on one by one (PV, Mains, load).
2. If it is triggered again after restarting, please contact the manufacturer
3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact our company (rePlace the relay or check the relay).
【28】
Mains Input Phase Error
1. Check The 39 Parameters of the Machine to Determine WHETHER It NEEDS SINGLE-PHASE or Split-PHASE Input and Output?
2. Single-pHASE input and Output is required: 39 items are set to 0,
The L1 and L2 Phauses of the Mains input Terminals of the Machine are connected in Parallel to Form the Same Phase.
3. Phase-seaPalated input and output are required: 39 items are set to 180,
The Mains Input Terminals L1 and L2 of the Machine Respectively Input The Corresponding Phasees of the Mains.
4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【29】
BUS UnderVoltage Fault
1. Check When the Battery Voltage is Low,
2. Manual reset: Power OFF and RESTART The Machine.
2.1. Check WHETHER a Fault is reported. If the fault is eliminated, charge the battery in time to res, the load.
2.2. If it does not return to normalal, there is a proplem on the boost sitting, please contact our company.
3. Automatic Reset: Automatical Reset after 5 Minutes;
4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【30】
Alarm When the Battery Capacity Rate is Lower than 10%
【31】
Alarm when the battleRery capacity rate is low 5%
【32】
Low Battery Shutdown
【34】
Parallel Can Communication Failure
1. Check WHETHER the DB15 Black Communication Line Under The Device is Connected Normally.
2. WHETHER The Parallel Machine Communication Line is Connected in The Correct Way According to the Manual
3. After performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact our company.
【35】
Parallel Machine ID Setting Error
1. Check the [30] Setting Parameters of Each Device to See if there are duplicate id addresses.
2. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【37】
Parallel Current Sharing Fault
1. Check WHether The 2P Red and Black Current Equalizing Wires Under The Device Are Not Properly Connected.
2. IS It Connected in the Correct Way According to the InstRuction Manual
3. When Single-Phase Paralleling, Check that Each Machine L and l, n and n of accined
4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【38】
Parallel Mode, Battle Voltage Difference Is Large (Software Detection)
【39】
In Parallel Mode, The Mains Input Source is Inconsistent
【40】
Parallel Mode, Hardware Synchronization Signal Failure
1. Makes the anput power file is stable.
2. The Machine is only connected to the batter, and RESTARTS When the Power is Off
3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【41】
Inverter Voltage DC Component is Abnormal (Software Detection)
1. The Machine is only connected to the battery, and restarts when the power is off
2. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【42】
Parallel Program Versions are inconsisistent
1. Check WHether The Software Version of Each Machine Is Consistent
2. Record The Real-Time Data Video of the Machine, and the Specific Program can be viewed above.
3. Contract the manufacturer to assist in upgrading the program for the machine.
【43】
Parallel Mode, Parallel Wiring Fault
1. Determine the required Parallel Mode: SINGLE-PHASE PARALLEL Or Three-Phaser Parallelllll
2. Adjust The Parameters of Each Machine to [31].
SIG (Standalone Mode)
PAL (Single Phase Parallel)
2p0/2p1/2p2 (TWO-PHASE PARALLEL Operation): (Required for this detaild operation, Please Refer to the solution to 45 faults)
3p0/3p1/3p2 (Three-Phase Parallel Operation): (Required for this detaild operation, please refer to the solution to 45 faults)
3. Check WHETHER the DB15 Black Communication Line Under The Device is Connected Normally.
4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.
【44】
Serial Number Information Error
1. Power off and restart.
2. Replace a Machine for Parallel Operation.
3. Contract the manufferr to assist in Changing the Serial Number of the Machine.
【45】
Parallel Mode Setting Error
(only the host reports failure)
【57】
Leakage Current Exceeding Protection
【58】
BMS Injection Molded Parts Communication Error
【59】
BMS Alarm
【60】
BMS BATTERY LOW TEMPERARM
【61】
BMS Battery Over Tempeature Alarm
【62】
BMS Battery Overcurrent Alarm
【63】
BMS Battery UnderVoltage Alarm
【64】
Judy Faulkner, CEO of Epic, one of the largest providers of electronic medical records in the United States, wants to change the "e" in EHR into "c" and turn EHR into CHR(Comprehensive Health Record).
Recently, in a meeting with Epic customers, Faulkner said: "Now everything is electronic, and the’ e’ can be discarded. What we have to do now is to break the walls of hospitals or clinics. " She explained that medical services now pay more attention to keeping patients healthy, rather than simply treating diseases. "Then we must also pay attention to factors outside the hospital walls."
What is CHR?
For CHR, Faulkner said that Epic is considered from three aspects: first, there is still a lot of information not included in EHR; Second, medical care that is not carried out in the hospital also needs to be included. "We integrate it into CHR, which is the community and social medical part of CHR"; Finally, traditional medical services that need to be carried out in the hospital are also being moved outside the hospital, such as remote health monitoring information.
Unlike EHR, CHR contains more kinds of data, such as social determinants, including diet, obesity and loneliness. All these factors will have a great influence on personal health.
Another factor that prompted Epic to make this change is that "other countries are investing more money to solve these social problems, thus improving their people’s health," Faulkner said. "The United States can’t fall behind."
"If you want to keep patients healthy and profitable, you must have a CHR," Faulkner said. "It will become your central nervous system and an important tool for you to manage institutions and set standards."
CHR is the common development direction of electronic medical record supplier giants.
It is worth noting that Epic has not entered an unknown territory by "changing the name" of electronic medical records. In fact, its rivals are already taking corresponding countermeasures. Regarding Faulkner’s move, Kyle Armbrester, chief product officer of Cerner, another electronic medical record supplier, said: She chose the right direction and took a good step.
Zane Burke, president of Cerner, said: "We have been discussing longitudinal health records, including social determinants and other relevant data within two years." At present, more than 100 users are using Cerner’s population health management platform. These customers and Cerner have developed Healthcare, which can obtain data from various and unrelated information sources outside hospitals and clinics.
In addition, executives of eClinicalWorks and Athenahealth both said that they are expanding the types of information contained in electronic medical records, although each company’s approach is slightly different.
Girish Navani, CEO of eClinicalWorks, said: "Electronic medical records are constantly updated technologies, and integrating new technologies will have a far-reaching impact on medical care." According to him, the new version of eClinicalWorks’ electronic medical record, Version 11, includes cloud connection, interoperability, genetic screening of precision medical care, predictable risk model of population health and forms of patient participation including remote service.
Girish Navani said: "What we need most is a platform to make use of all this information. If the data is just put there and not used, it will not solve the problems of the medical industry. If medical providers want to obtain data, they must have a series of supporting facilities. Let’s do it. "
Replace EHR with CHR
Blain Newton, executive vice president of HIMSS Analytics, said that there are naturally many obstacles to creating such a CHR. "Turning EHR into CHR must ensure that the patient’s data is comprehensive, and this challenge will always exist. This kind of data integration lies not only in the integration of information in various electronic medical records, but also in the integration of different information sources. "
Newton believes that a CHR must be synchronized with the ever-expanding amount of information, which requires more analytical ability than data integration and providing correct information to medical institutions.
When asked whether Epic would continue to use the word CHR, Faulkner said, "Yes, it will become a new term instead of EHR." Although no supplier has renamed EHR CHR, hospitals should be aware that their suppliers are changing in this direction. "This is the direction of medical development," Burke said. "It’s just that people have just noticed it, but it’s not a question of changing the name."
1. Healthcare IT News：Epic CEO Judy Faulkner is standing behind switch from EHRs to ‘CHRs’
2. Healthcare IT News：Epic’s rival EHR vendors say they too are making the ‘CHR’ switch