Action Plan for Carbon Dioxide Peaking Before 2030

　　In order to thoroughly implement the major strategic decisions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, and solidly promote the peak carbon dioxide emissions Action, this plan is formulated.

　　This Action Plan is formulated to advance actions on carbon dioxide peaking in further implementing the major strategic decisions by the Central Commit tee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the State Council to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrality.

　　一、总体要求

　　I. General Guidance

　　（一）指导思想。以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的十九大和十九届二中、三中、四中、五中全会精神，深入贯彻习近平生态文明思想，立足新发展阶段，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，构建新发展格局，坚持系统观念，处理好发展和减排、整体和局部、短期和中长期的关系，统筹稳增长和调结构，把碳达峰、碳中和纳入经济社会发展全局，坚持“全国统筹、节约优先、双轮驱动、内外畅通、防范风险”的总方针，有力有序有效做好碳达峰工作，明确各地区、各领域、各行业目标任务，加快实现生产生活方式绿色变革，推动经济社会发展建立在资源高效利用和绿色低碳发展的基础之上，确保如期实现2030年前碳达峰目标。

　　1. Guiding Principles

　　We must follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the guiding principles from the 19th CPC National Congress and the second through fifth plenary sessions of the 19th CPC Central Committee, and thoroughly apply Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization. We need to ground our work in the new stage of development, apply the new development philosophy, and foster a new pattern of development. Through the application of systematic thinking, we will strike a balance between development and emissions reduction, between overall and local imperatives, and between short-term and longer-term considerations, and coordinated efforts in terms of maintaining steady growth and restructuring. Endeavors to peak carbon dioxide emissions and achieve carbon neutrali ty must be incorporated into the overall economic and social development framework. We need to stick to the overarching principles of exercising nation wide planning, prioritizing conservation, leveraging the strengths of the government and the market, coordinating efforts on the domestic and international fronts, and guarding against risks. Work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions must carry out in a vigorous, orderly and effective manner by setting explicit targets and tasks for different regions, fields and industries. We need to accelerate the shift to more environmentally friendly living patterns and modes of production, base economic and social development upon highly efficient utilization of resources and green and low-carbon growth and ensure that the goal of carbon dioxide peaking before 2030 is achieved.

　　(2) Working principles.

　　2. Working Guidelines

　　-Overall deployment and classified policies. Adhere to a national chess game, strengthen top-level design and overall planning of all parties. All regions, fields and industries should adjust measures to local conditions and make classified policies, and make clear the objectives and tasks that are in line with their own reality and meet the overall requirements.

　　Planning from an overall perspective and implementing tailored policies. We will take a whole-of-nation approach, bolstering top-level design and coordination on all sides. In all regions, fields, and industries, we will implement tailored policies, and set targets and tasks in a manner that both fits individual realities and satisfies overall requirements.

　　-systematic advancement and key breakthroughs. Fully and accurately understand the far-reaching impact of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s actions on economic and social development, and strengthen the systematicness and synergy of policies. Grasp the main aspects of major contradictions and contradictions, and promote key areas, key industries and places with conditions to take the lead in reaching the peak.

　　Employing a systematic approach and pushing for key breakthroughs. We will maintain a comprehensive and precise understanding of the carbon dioxide pea king action’s far-reaching effects on economic and social development, and make policies more systematic and coordinated. We will devote our attention to the main problems and the main aspects of these problems, and encourage key fields and key industries as well as regions with the favorable conditions to take the lead in reaching peak emissions.

　　-Two-wheel drive and two-handed force. Give full play to the role of the government, build a new national system, give full play to the role of the market mechanism, vigorously promote green and low-carbon scientific and technological innovation, deepen the reform of energy and related fields, and form an effective incentive and restraint mechanism.

　　Leveraging the strengths of the government and the market. We will give better play to the role of the government by building a new system for mobilizi ng the nation, and give full play to the role of the market. We will vigorously promote innovation in green and low-carbon science and technology, deepen institutional reform in energy and other relevant fields, and develop effective incentive and constraint mechanisms.

　　-Carbon reduction in a safe, orderly and safe manner. Based on China’s energy resource endowment of being rich in coal but poor in oil and lacking in gas, we should persist in establishing first and then breaking, stabilize the stock, expand the increment, take national energy security and economic development as the bottom line, strive for time to realize the gradual substitution of new energy, promote the smooth transition of low-carbon energy transformation, effectively protect national energy security, industrial chain and supply chain security, food security and people’s normal production and life, make efforts to resolve all kinds of potential risks, prevent overreaction, and promote peak carbon dioxide emissions Action in a safe, orderly and step-by-step manner to ensure safe carbon reduction.

　　Working in a steady and orderly manner to safely reduce carbon emissions. Based on China’s energy resource conditions of rich in coal but poor in oil a nd gas, we must insist construction before destruction, stabilize energy stock and expand energy increment. We must keep national energy security and economic development as the bottom line, strive for time to realize the gradual replacement of new energy, and promote the smooth transition of energy low-carbon transformation. We will take concrete steps to safeguard China’s energy security, food security, and the security of industrial and supply chains and to keep ordinary citizens living and working as normal. As we advance the carbon dioxide peaking initiatives through a steady, step-by-step approach, we will put concentrated effort into addressing various potential risks and hazards and avoid excessive side effects, thus ensuring a safe reduction of carbon emissions.

　　Second, the main objectives

　　II. Main Objectives

　　During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, remarkable progress was made in the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure and energy structure, the energy utilization efficiency of key industries was greatly improved, the growth of coal consumption was strictly controlled, the construction of new power systems was accelerated, new progress was made in the research and development, popularization and application of green low-carbon technologies, and green production and lifestyle were widely promoted, which further improved the policy system conducive to the development of green low-carbon cycles. By 2025, the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will reach about 20%, the energy consumption per unit GDP will decrease by 13.5% compared with 2020, and the carbon dioxide emission per unit GDP will decrease by 18% compared with 2020, laying a solid foundation for realizing peak carbon dioxide emissions.

　　Over the 14th Five-Year Plan period, notable progress will be made in adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure and the energy mix. Energy efficiency will be largely improve d in key industries, strict controls will be placed upon coal consumption growth, construction of new electric power systems based upon new energy resources will speed up, new progress will be made in the R&D and broad application of green and low-carbon technologies, environment-friendly production modes and living patterns will become widespread, and further improvement will be made in the policy framework for green, low-carbon and circular development. By 2025, the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption will reach around 20%, while energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by 13.5% and 18%, respectively, compared with 2020 levels, laying a solid foundation for carbon dioxide peaking.

　　During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, significant progress was made in industrial restructuring, a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system was initially established, a low-carbon development model in key areas was basically formed, the energy utilization efficiency of key energy-consuming industries reached the international advanced level, the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption was further increased, coal consumption was gradually reduced, a key breakthrough was made in green and low-carbon technologies, a green lifestyle became a conscious choice of the public, and a green and low-carbon circular development policy system was basically sound. By 2030, the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption will reach about 25%, and the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by more than 65% compared with 2005, thus successfully achieving the goal of peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030.

　　During the 15th Five-Year Plan period, major progress will be made in adjustment of the industrial structure, a clean, safe, efficient and low-carbon energy system will be preliminary established, low-carbon development models will have largely taken shape in key fields, energy efficiency among China’s key energy consumption industries will reach advanced international standards, non-fossil fuels will account for a larger share of energy consumption, coal consumption will gradually fall, crucial breakthroughs will be made in green and low-carbon technology, the public will opt for environment-friendly living patterns, and formulation of the policy framework for green, low-carbon and circular development will be mostly complete. By 2030, the share of non-fossil energy consumption will reach around 25%, and carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will have dropped by more than 65% compared with the 2005 level, successfully achieving carbon dioxide peaking before 2030.

　　Third, key tasks

　　III. Key Tasks

　　Peak carbon dioxide emissions will run through the whole process and all aspects of economic and social development, focusing on the implementation of the "Ten Actions of peak carbon dioxide emissions" such as energy green and low-carbon transformation action, energy saving and carbon reduction and efficiency improvement action, industrial peak carbon dioxide emissions action, urban and rural construction peak carbon dioxide emissions action, transportation green and low-carbon action, circular economy to help reduce carbon, green and low-carbon scientific and technological innovation action, carbon sequestration capacity consolidation and improvement action, green and low-carbon national action, and orderly peak carbon dioxide emissions action in various regions.

　　We will see that the goal to peak carbon dioxide emissions permeates the whole process and every aspect of economic and social development. Particular focus will be placed on implementation of ten major peaking carbon dioxide emissions actions, which are the action for green and low-carbon energy transition, the action for energy saving, carbon emission mitigation and efficiency improvement, the action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in industry sector, the action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in urban-rural development area, the action for promoting green and low-carbon transportation, the action for promoting circular economy in carbon mitigation purpose, the action for advancing green and low-carbon technology innovation, the action for consolidating and enhancing carbon sink, the action for green and low-carbon society, the action for promoting all regions peaking carbon dioxide emissions hierarchically and orderly.

　　(1) Energy green and low-carbon transformation actions.

　　1. The action for green and low-carbon energy transition

　　Energy is an important material basis for economic and social development and the main source of carbon emissions. We must adhere to safe carbon reduction, vigorously implement renewable energy substitution and accelerate the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system on the premise of ensuring energy security.

　　Energy is an important material foundation for economic and social development, as well as the principal source of carbon emissions. We will maintain commitment to cutting carbon emissions in a safe manner by vigorously promoting substitution of renewable sources of energy under the condition that energy security is ensured, and accelerate the development of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system.

　　1. Promote coal consumption substitution and transformation and upgrading. Accelerate the pace of coal reduction, strictly and reasonably control the growth of coal consumption during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period, and gradually reduce it during the 15 th Five-Year Plan period. Strictly control new coal-fired power projects, the coal consumption standard of new units has reached the international advanced level, the backward production capacity of coal-fired power has been eliminated in an orderly manner, the energy-saving upgrade and flexible transformation of active units have been accelerated, the heating transformation has been actively promoted, and the transformation of coal-fired power to basic security and system-regulated power supply has been promoted. Strictly control the scale of coal-fired power supporting the trans-regional delivery of renewable energy power, and the proportion of renewable energy power in new channels shall not be less than 50% in principle. Promote coal reduction and coal restriction in key coal-using industries. Vigorously promote the clean utilization of coal, rationally delimit the areas where loose burning is prohibited, take multiple measures simultaneously, actively and orderly promote the substitution of loose coal, and gradually reduce until loose burning of coal is prohibited.

　　(a) Promoting coal substitution as well as transformation and upgrading

　　We will pick up the pace in cutting coal consumption, strictly and rationally limit the increase in coal consumption over the 14th Five-Year Plan period and phase it down in the 15th Five-Year Plan period . Severe restrictions will be placed on new coal power projects, and newly constructed units will meet the most advanced international standards for coal consumption. We will orderly phase-out outdated coal power capacity, accelerate energy-saving upgrades and flexibility retrofits on units that remain in service, actively advance retrofits in coal-fueled heating facilities, and push forward coal’s transition into a power source that is for ensuring basic needs and serves as a system regulating source. In trans-regional tr ansmission of power generated by new energy resources, we will strictly control the scale of supplementary coal power, and ensure in principle that no less than 50% of electricity transmitted via newly constructed lines is generated from renewable resources. We will pus h key coal consuming industries to reduce and limit their coal consumption. We will vigorously promote the clean utilization of coal. We will rationall y designate zones where burning of bulk coal is prohibited, promote efforts to replace bulk coal and make coal cleaner in an active and orderly manner through multiple measures, and gradually reduce and eventually prohibit burning of bulk coal.

　　2. Vigorously develop new energy sources. We will comprehensively promote the large-scale and high-quality development of wind power and solar power generation, adhere to centralized and distributed development, and accelerate the construction of wind power and photovoltaic power generation bases. Accelerate the innovation, upgrading and characteristic application of the smart photovoltaic industry, innovate the "photovoltaic+"model, and promote the diversified layout of photovoltaic power generation. Adhere to both land and sea, promote the coordinated and rapid development of wind power, improve the offshore wind power industry chain, and encourage the construction of offshore wind power bases. Actively develop solar photothermal power generation, and promote the establishment of a wind, light and heat comprehensive renewable energy power generation base with complementary regulation of photothermal power generation, photovoltaic power generation and wind power. Develop biomass power generation, biomass energy clean heating and bio-natural gas according to local conditions. Explore and deepen the development and utilization of geothermal energy, wave energy, tidal energy, temperature difference energy and other new marine energy sources. Further improve the guarantee mechanism for the consumption of renewable energy and electricity. By 2030, the total installed capacity of wind power and solar power will reach more than 1.2 billion kilowatts.

　　(b) Vigorously developing new energy resources

　　We will spur large-scale, high-quality development of wind and solar power generation across the board, continue to promote both concentrated and distributed systems, and accelerate the construction of wind and solar farms. We will speed up innovative upgrading and specialized application of innovations in smart pho tovoltaic industry, creatively develop the “solar +” model, and promote a diversified layout in photovoltaic power generation. Emphasizing both onshore and offshore power generation systems, we will promote rapid and coordinated development of wind power, improve industrial chains for offshore wind power, and encourage the construction of offshore wind bases. We will actively develop solar thermal power generation, and promote the establishment of comprehensive bases for generating power with renewable resources where solar thermal, photovoltaic, and wind power complement each other. We will develop biomass power generation and heating as well as biogas according to local conditions. We will exp lore ways of expanding the exploitation and utilization of geothermal energy as well as new marine energy sources such as wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy. We will further refine mechanisms for ensuring the uptake of power generated from renewable sources. By 2030, total installed generation capacity of wind and solar power will reach above 1200 gigawatts.

　　3. Develop hydropower according to local conditions. Actively promote the construction of hydropower bases, promote the construction of hydropower projects in the upper reaches of Jinsha River, Lancang River, Yalong River and Yellow River that have been included in the planning and meet the requirements of ecological protection, promote the hydropower development in the lower reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River and promote the green development of small hydropower. Promote the synergy between hydropower, wind power and solar power generation in southwest China. Coordinate hydropower development and ecological protection, and explore the establishment of ecological protection compensation mechanism for hydropower resources development. During the "14 th Five-Year Plan" and "15 th Five-Year Plan" periods, the installed capacity of hydropower was increased by about 40 million kilowatts respectively, and a renewable energy system dominated by hydropower was basically established in southwest China.

　　(c) Developing hydro power according to local conditions

　　We will actively advance the construction of hydro power bases. This includes pushing for work to begin on the construction of hydro power projects tha t have already been incorporated into the plan and meet environmental protection requirements, including those on the upper Jinsha River, the upper Lancang River, the middle section of the Yalong River, and the upper Yellow River, pushing the development of hydro power on the lower Yarlung Zangpo River, and promoting the green development of small hydro power plants. We will push for coordination and complementarity between hydro, wind, and solar power generation in southwestern China. We will plan hydro power development and environment protection as a whole, and look into establishing mechanisms for compensating ecological conservation efforts in this regard. Approximately 40 gigawatts of additional hydro power capacity will be installed during both the 14th and 15th Five-Year Plan periods, respectively, while a renewable energy system based largely on hydro power will be generally established in southwestern China.

　　4. Actively, safely and orderly develop nuclear power. Reasonably determine the layout and development sequence of nuclear power plants, develop nuclear power in an orderly manner under the premise of ensuring safety, and maintain a stable pace of construction. Actively promote advanced reactor demonstration projects such as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, fast reactors, modular small reactors and offshore floating reactors, and carry out demonstrations on comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy. Strengthen the standardization and autonomy of nuclear power, speed up the research of key technologies and equipment, and cultivate high-end nuclear power equipment manufacturing industrial clusters. Implement the strictest safety standards and the strictest supervision, and continuously improve the ability of nuclear safety supervision.

　　(d) Actively developing nuclear power through a safe and orderly approach

　　We will set a reasonable layout and timetable for the construction of nuclear power stations, and maintain a steady pace of construction. We will develop nuclear power in an orderly manner under the premise of ensuring safety and maintain a ste ady pace of construction. We will push forward demonstration projects for advanced reactor types including high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, fast reactors, small modular reactors, and offshore floating reactors, and conduct demonstrations on the comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy. We will step up efforts to make nuclear power more standardized and inde pendently driven, move faster to make breakthroughs in key technologies and equipment, and foster industry clusters for the manufacturing of high-end nuclear power equipment. We will enforce the strictest safety standards and the most ri gorous oversight, and continue to enhance capacity for supervising nuclear safety.

　　5. Reasonable control of oil and gas consumption. Keep oil consumption in a reasonable range, gradually adjust the scale of gasoline consumption, vigorously promote the replacement of traditional fuels with advanced bio-liquid fuels and sustainable aviation fuels, and improve the energy efficiency of terminal fuel products. Accelerate the large-scale development of unconventional oil and gas resources such as shale gas, coalbed methane and tight oil (gas). Guide natural gas consumption in an orderly manner, optimize the utilization structure, give priority to ensuring people’s livelihood, vigorously promote the integration and development of natural gas and various energy sources, build natural gas peak-shaving power stations according to local conditions, and rationally guide industrial gas and chemical raw materials. Support vehicles and boats to use liquefied natural gas as fuel.

　　(e) Rationally regulating oil and gas consumption

　　We will keep oil consumption within a reasonable range, gradually adjust the scale of gasoline consumption, vigorously promote alternatives like advanced liquid biofuels and sustainable aviation fuel in substitution for traditional fuel oils, and make end-user fueled by oil more efficient. We will speed up the large-scale exploitation of unconventional oil and gas resources including shale gas, coal bed gas, and tight oil and gas. We will steer natural gas consumption in an orderly manner by optimizing the structure of use with priority given to meeting pub lic needs. Meanwhile, we will vigorously promote integrated development between natural gas and other energy resources, build natural gas peak shaving power plants according to local conditions, and rationally guide the use of natural gas for industrial and as feedstocks for chemicals industries. We will support the use of liquid natural gas as fuel for vehicles and ships.

　　6. Accelerate the construction of new power systems. We will build a new power system with a gradual increase in the proportion of new energy, and promote the optimal allocation of clean power resources on a large scale. Vigorously improve the comprehensive regulation capacity of power system, speed up the construction of flexible regulation power supply, guide self-owned power plants, traditional high-capacity industrial loads, industrial and commercial interruptible loads, electric vehicle charging networks, virtual power plants, etc. to participate in system regulation, build a strong smart grid, and improve the level of power grid security. Actively develop "new energy+energy storage", the integration of source, network and storage and multi-energy complementarity, and support the rational allocation of energy storage systems for distributed new energy. Formulate a new round of medium-and long-term development plan for pumped storage power stations, and improve the policy mechanism to promote the development of pumped storage. Accelerate the demonstration and application of new energy storage. Deepen the reform of the power system and accelerate the construction of a unified national power market system. By 2025, the installed capacity of new energy storage will reach more than 30 million kilowatts. By 2030, the installed capacity of pumped storage power stations will reach about 120 million kilowatts, and provincial power grids will basically have more than 5% peak load response capacity.

　　(f) Speeding up the development of the new electric power system

　　We will build a new electric power system that the share of new energy resources keeps increasing, and work toward an optimized distribution of clean electricity generation on a broad scale. We will make vigorous efforts to enhance the overall adjus table capacity of our electric power system, expedite the construction of flexible power sources, incorporate enterprise-affiliated power plants, the load of traditional energy intensive industries, interruptible industrial and commercial load, electric vehicle charging grids, and virtual power plants into regulation of the power system, build resilient smart electrical grids, and make grids more secure and reliable. We will actively develop the “new energy + energy storage” model, promote coordination of power source-grid-load-storage, use multiple energy sources to supplement each other, and support the deployment of appropriate energy storage systems for distributed new energy sources. We will draft a new round of medium to long-term d evelopment plans for pumped-storage hydro power stations, and refine policies and mechanisms for spurring the development of this type of energy storage. We will accelerate the broad demonstration and applica tion of new types of energy storage. We will deepen structural reform with regard to electric power, and speed up development of a unified national electricity market. By 2025, installed capacity of new types of energy storage will reach 30 gigawatts or more. By 2030, installed pumped-storage hydro power capacity will reach approximately 120 gigawatts, and provincial-level electrical grids will be equipped with peak load response capacity of 5% or more.

　　(2) Actions to save energy, reduce carbon and increase efficiency.

　　2. The action for energy saving, carbon emission mitigation and efficiency improvement

　　Implement the policy of giving priority to conservation, improve the dual control of energy consumption intensity and total amount, strictly control energy consumption intensity, reasonably control total energy consumption, promote the energy consumption revolution and build an energy-saving society.

　　We will implement the policy of putting conservation first, and improve systems for keeping energy consumption under control in terms of both volume and intensity, with especially strict controls on intensity and reasonable controls on volume. We will advance revolutionary changes in energy consumption, and build an energy conserving society.

　　1. Comprehensively improve energy-saving management capabilities. We will implement energy budget management, strengthen the energy-saving review of fixed assets investment projects, comprehensively evaluate the energy consumption and carbon emissions of projects, and promote energy conservation and carbon reduction from the source. Improve the information level of energy-saving management, improve the online monitoring system of energy consumption of key energy-using units, establish a national and industrial energy-saving technology promotion service platform, and promote high-energy-consuming enterprises to establish energy management centers. Improve the energy metering system, and encourage the use of certification means to improve the management level of energy conservation. Strengthen the capacity building of energy conservation supervision, improve the energy conservation supervision system at the provincial, city and county levels, establish an inter-departmental linkage mechanism, and comprehensively use administrative punishment, credit supervision, green electricity price and other means to enhance the binding force of energy conservation supervision.

　　(a) Raising capacity for managing energy conservation across the board

　　We will introduce an energy budget management approach, intensify energy conservation reviews regarding fixed-asset investment projects, and conduct comprehensive assessments of projects’ energy use and carbon emissions, thus promoting energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction from the beginning. We will raise the level of informatization of energy management, improve systems for online monitoring of the energy consumption of key energy users, establish country-wide and industry-wide service platforms to promote energy-saving technologies, and push energy-intensive enterprises to set up energy management centers. We will refine energy measurement systems, and encourage the use of certification as a means to improve the level of management over energy conservation. We will step up the development of supe rvisory capacity with regard to energy conservation, improve systems for supervising energy conservation at the provincial, city, and county levels, establish mechanisms for interdepartmental action, and make full use of measures including administrative penalties, credibility checks, and tiered rates for electricity in order to make supervision over energy conservation a more binding force.

　　2. Implement key projects of energy conservation and carbon reduction. We will implement urban energy-saving and carbon-reducing projects, upgrade and transform infrastructure such as buildings, transportation, lighting and heating, promote the demonstration and application of advanced green building technologies, and promote the improvement of urban comprehensive energy efficiency. Implement energy-saving and carbon-reducing projects in parks, focus on parks with high energy consumption and high emissions (hereinafter referred to as "two high" projects), promote energy system optimization and cascade utilization, and create a number of energy-saving and low-carbon parks that have reached the international advanced level. We will implement energy-saving and carbon-reducing projects in key industries, promote energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation in industries such as electric power, steel, nonferrous metals, building materials and petrochemical industries, and improve the efficiency of energy resources utilization. Implement major energy-saving and carbon-reducing technology demonstration projects, and support the industrialization demonstration application of key green and low-carbon technologies that have made breakthroughs.

　　(b) Implementing key energy conservation and carbon reduction projects

　　We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in urban areas, carrying out energy-saving upgrades on building, transportation, lighting, and heating infrastructure, promoting the trial application of advanced green construction technologies, and advancing overall improvement of energy efficiency in urban areas. We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in industrial parks, promoting systematic optimization of energy systems and cascading use of energy with a focus on industrial parks where energy-intensive, high-emissions projects are concentrated, so as to foster a group of energy-saving, low-carbon industrial parks that meet advanced international standards. We will implement energy conservation and carbon reduction projects in key ind ustries, carrying out energy-saving and carbon-cutting improvements in industries such as electric power, steel, non-ferrous metals, building materials, petrochemicals, and chemicals, and raising the efficiency with which energy and resource are used. We will implement major technological demonstration projects for energy conservati on and carbon reduction, and support the trial industrial application of key green and low-carbon technologies in which breakthroughs have already been achieved.

　　3. Promote energy conservation and efficiency improvement of key energy-using equipment. Focus on motors, fans, pumps, compressors, transformers, heat exchangers, industrial boilers and other equipment, and comprehensively improve energy efficiency standards. Establish an energy efficiency-oriented incentive and restraint mechanism, promote advanced and efficient products and equipment, and accelerate the elimination of backward and inefficient equipment. Strengthen the energy-saving review and daily supervision of key energy-using equipment, strengthen the whole chain management of production, operation, sales, use and scrapping, severely crack down on illegal acts, and ensure the full implementation of energy efficiency standards and energy-saving requirements.

　　(c) Advancing better energy-saving performance and higher efficiency of major energy-consuming equipments

　　We will raise energy efficiency standards across the board with a focus on equipment including electrical machinery, draught fans, pumps, compressors, transformers, heat exchangers, and industrial boilers. We will establish efficiency-oriented incentives, popularize advanced high efficiency products and equipment, and move faster to retire outdated, low efficiency equipments. We will step up energy conservation checks and regular oversight on major energy consuming equipment, strengthen full-chain management covering production, marketing, sales, utilization, and disposal, crack down hard on activities that violate laws and regulations, and thus ensure full execution of energy efficiency standards and energy conservation requirements.

　　4. Strengthen new infrastructure to save energy and reduce carbon. Optimize the spatial layout of new infrastructure, make overall plans and scientifically allocate new infrastructure such as data centers to avoid low-level redundant construction. Optimize the energy consumption structure of new infrastructure, adopt DC power supply, distributed energy storage, "photovoltaic+energy storage" and other modes to explore diversified energy supply and increase the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption. Benchmark the international advanced level, speed up the improvement of energy efficiency standards for communication, computing, storage, transmission and other equipment, improve the entry threshold, and eliminate backward equipment and technologies. Strengthen the energy management of new infrastructure, include all data centers with annual comprehensive energy consumption exceeding 10,000 tons of standard coal into the online monitoring system of energy consumption of key energy users, and carry out energy measurement review. Promote the green upgrading of existing facilities, actively promote the use of technologies such as efficient refrigeration, advanced ventilation, waste heat utilization and intelligent energy control, and improve the energy efficiency of facilities.

　　(d) Strengthening energy conservation and carbon reduction in new types of infrastructure

　　We will optimize the spatial layout, and make overall plans to set up new types of infrastructure such as data centers appropriately, avoiding low-quality duplicate construction. We will optimize the energy consumption mix in new types of infrastructure by employing models including direct current electricity, distributed energy storage, and “solar + storage,” making explorations into diversified energy supply, and raising the share of non-fossil fuels in total energy consumption. Comparing our initiatives with the advanced international standards, we will work faster to improve energy efficiency standards for communications, computing, storage, and transmission equipment, raise minimum thresholds, and retire outdated equipment and technologies. We will strengthen management over the energy usage of new types of infrastructure, putting all data centers whose annual overall energy consumption exceeds 10, 000 tons of standard coal-equivalent under the energy consumption online monitoring system for key energy using organizations, and carrying out energy measurement audit. We will advance environmentally friendly upgrades for existing infrastructure, and actively promote the use of technologies including high-efficient refrigeration, advanced ventilation, surplus heat utilization, and smart control of energy usage, thus making infrastructure more energy-efficient.

　　(3) peak carbon dioxide emissions Action in Industry.

　　3. The action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in industry sector

　　Industry is one of the main fields that produce carbon emissions, which has an important impact on the overall realization of peak carbon dioxide emissions in China. In the industrial field, we should speed up the green and low-carbon transformation and high-quality development, and strive to take the lead in realizing peak carbon dioxide emissions.

　　The industrial domain is one of the primary sources of carbon dioxide emissions, and therefore exerts an important impact on China’s efforts to peak overall carbon dioxide emissions. Industry must accelerate high-quality developmen t and the green and low-carbon transition, and strive to take the lead in peaking carbon dioxide emissions.

　　1. Promote green and low-carbon development in the industrial field. Optimize the industrial structure, accelerate the withdrawal from backward production capacity, vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, and accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of traditional industries. Promote low-carbon industrial energy consumption, promote clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy, increase the proportion of renewable energy applications, strengthen power demand side management, and improve the level of industrial electrification. In-depth implementation of green manufacturing projects, vigorously promote green design, improve the green manufacturing system, and build green factories and green industrial parks. We will promote the integration and development of digital, intelligent and green industries and strengthen technological transformation in key industries and fields.

　　(a) Promoting green and low-carbon development in the industrial domain

　　We will optimize the industrial structure, accelerate efforts to eliminate outdated production capacity, vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, and speed up green and low-carbon transformation in traditional industries. We will spur industrial energy consumption to go low-carbon, promote clean and efficient use of fossil fuels, increase the proportion of renewable energy used, strengthen electricity demand-side management, and raise the level of industrial electrification. We will thoroughly implement the green manufacturing project, vigorously promote green design, refine the green manufacturing system, and build green factories and industrial parks. We will drive integrated development of digital, smart, and green technology in the industrial domain, and bolster technological transformation in key industries and sectors.

　　2. Promote peak carbon dioxide emissions in the steel industry. Deepen the structural reform of the supply side of the steel industry, strictly implement capacity replacement, prohibit new capacity, promote stock optimization, and eliminate backward production capacity. Promote cross-regional and cross-ownership mergers and acquisitions of iron and steel enterprises, and improve industry concentration. Optimize the layout of productive forces, focus on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, and continue to reduce steel production capacity. Promote the structural optimization and clean energy substitution of the steel industry, vigorously promote the demonstration of non-blast furnace ironmaking technology, improve the recycling level of scrap resources, and implement the all-scrap electric furnace process. Popularize advanced and applicable technologies, dig deep into the potential of energy saving and carbon reduction, encourage tempering and co-production, explore pilot demonstrations such as hydrogen metallurgy and carbon dioxide capture and utilization integration, and promote the development of low-grade waste heat heating.

　　(b) Pushing the steel industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions

　　We will deepen supply-side structural reform in the steel industry, rigorously execute production capacity replacement, strictly prohibit additional production capacity, push for the optimization of existing capacity, and retire outdated capacity. We will promote mergers and reorganization of steel enterprises across regions and ownership types, so as to make the industry more concentrated. We will optimize the layout of productive forces, and continue to push down steel production capacity with a particular focus on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas. We will spur str uctural optimization for steel industry and the substitution of clean energy, vigorously promote demonstrations of non-blast furnace technology, improve recycling and reuse of steel scrap, and advance the use of electric furnace which can be totally charged with steel scrap. We will drive the application of advanced and appropriate technologies, squeeze out all available potential for saving energy and cutting carbon emissions, encourage linking steel and chemical production, conduct integrated trials on hydrogen metallurgy and integrated capture and utilization of carbon dioxide, and promote heating development with low-grade residual heat.

　　3. Promote peak carbon dioxide emissions in the non-ferrous metal industry. Consolidate and resolve the results of excess capacity of electrolytic aluminum, strictly implement capacity replacement, and strictly control new capacity. Promote the substitution of clean energy and increase the proportion of hydropower, wind power and solar power generation. Accelerate the development of renewable nonferrous metals industry, improve the recycling, sorting and processing network of waste nonferrous metals resources, and increase the output of renewable nonferrous metals. Accelerate the popularization and application of advanced and applicable green low-carbon technologies, improve the level of waste heat recovery in the production process of non-ferrous metals, and promote the continuous decline of energy consumption per unit product.

　　(c) Pushing the non-ferrous metals industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions

　　Building on our success in addressing overcapacity in electrolytic aluminum production, we will rigorously execute capacity replacement and strictly control additional capacity. We will promote substitution of clean energy, and increase the proportion of hydro, wind, and solar-generated electricity used. We will accelerate the development of the regenerated non-ferrous metals processing industry, improve the network of recycling, sorting and processing of non-ferrous metals scrap, and increase output of recycled non-ferrous metals. We will move faster to spread the use of green and low-carbon technologies that are advanced and ap plicable, step up recycling of residual heat from the non-ferrous metal production process, and continue to cut energy consumption per unit of production.

　　4. Promote peak carbon dioxide emissions in building materials industry. Strengthen the supervision of capacity replacement, speed up the withdrawal of inefficient capacity, prohibit the addition of cement clinker and flat glass capacity, and guide the building materials industry to transform into light, intensive and manufactured products. Promote the normalization of cement peak shifting production and reasonably shorten the operation time of cement clinker plant. Use renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy according to local conditions, and gradually increase the proportion of electricity and natural gas applications. Encourage building materials enterprises to use fly ash, industrial waste residue and tailings as raw materials or cement admixture. Accelerate the certification and application promotion of green building materials products, and strengthen the research and development and application of low-carbon building materials such as new cementitious materials, low-carbon concrete and wood and bamboo building materials. Popularize energy-saving technology and equipment, carry out the construction of energy management system, and realize energy saving and efficiency improvement.

　　(d) Pushing the building materials industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions

　　We will strengthen oversight on production capacity replacement, move faster to eliminate low efficiency production capacity, strictly prohibit new cement clinker and flat glass production capacity, and guide the building materials industry in transitioning to become lighter, more intensive, and more product-oriented. We will promote making staggered production of cement a regular practice, and reasonably reduce the operating time of cement clinker equipment. We will utilize renewable energy like wind and solar according to local condition s, and gradually increase the proportion of electricity and natural gas in energy consumption. We will encourage building material enterprises to use coa l fly ash, industrial waste residue, and mine tailings as raw materials or for mixing cement. We will speed up efforts to certify green building materials and spread their use, and accelerate the R&D and application of low-carbon gel material products like new binding materials, low-carbon concrete, and wood and bamboo building materials. We will expand the use of energy-saving technology and equipment and develop energy management systems to conserve energy and achieve higher efficiency.

　　5. Promote peak carbon dioxide emissions in petrochemical industry. Optimize the scale and layout of production capacity, intensify the elimination of backward production capacity, and effectively resolve the contradiction in escape sequence. Strict project access, reasonable arrangement of construction timing, strict control of new oil refining and traditional coal chemical production capacity, and steady and orderly development of modern coal chemical industry. Guide enterprises to change the way they use energy, and encourage electricity and natural gas to replace coal. Adjust the raw material structure, control the new raw material coal, expand the import sources of hydrogen-rich raw materials, and promote the lightweight of petrochemical raw materials. Optimize the product structure, promote the coordinated development of petrochemical industry and coal mining, metallurgy, building materials, chemical fiber and other industries, and strengthen the efficient utilization of by-product gases such as refinery dry gas and liquefied gas. Encourage enterprises to upgrade and transform energy conservation, and promote the cascade utilization of energy and recycling of materials. By 2025, the primary processing capacity of domestic crude oil will be controlled within 1 billion tons, and the capacity utilization rate of major products will be increased to over 80%.

　　(e) Pushing the petrochemical industry to peak carbon dioxide emissions

　　We will optimize the scale and layout of production capacity, step up efforts to retire outdated capacity, and address problems arising from structural overcapacity through effective measures. We will set strict thresholds on projects, appropriately arrange the timing of construction, strictly control additional production capacity in oil refining and traditional coal-based chemicals industry, and pursue development of a modern coal-based chemical industry in a steady and orderly manner. We will guide enterprises in shifting their energy use model, encouraging the substitution of sources like electricity and natural gas to coal. We will adjust the mix of raw materials, control additional use of coal, expand sources to import hydrogen-rich raw materials, and push for a transition to lighter raw materials in the petrochemical industry. We will optimize the product structure, promote coordinated development between the petrochemical industry and other industries including coal mining, metallurgy, building materials, and chemical fibers, and bolster efficient utilization of refinery byproducts such as dry gas and liquefied petroleum gas. We will encourage enterprises to carry out energ y-saving upgrades, and promote cascading use of energy as well as circular use of materials. By 2025, domestic capacity for primary refining of crude oil will be kept below 1 billion metric tons, and the utilization rate of production capacity for main products will rise to 80% or more.

　　6. Resolutely curb the blind development of the "two high" projects. Take effective measures to implement inventory management, classified disposal and dynamic monitoring of the "two high" projects. Comprehensively investigate the projects under construction. If the energy efficiency level is lower than the access value of the energy consumption limit of the industry, it shall stop work for rectification according to the relevant regulations, promote the energy efficiency level, and strive to fully reach the domestic and even international advanced level. Scientifically evaluate the proposed project, and reduce the production capacity of industries with saturated production capacity according to the principle of "reduction and substitution"; For industries whose production capacity is not yet saturated, according to the requirements of national layout, approval and filing, the entry threshold will be raised against the international advanced level; For emerging industries with large energy consumption, support and guide enterprises to apply green and low-carbon technologies to improve energy efficiency. Deeply tap the potential stock projects, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, and tap the potential of energy conservation and emission reduction through transformation and upgrading. Strengthen normal supervision and resolutely win the "two high" projects that do not meet the requirements.

　　(f) Firmly curbing the irrational expansion of energy-intensive and high-emission projects

　　Through forceful measures, we will implement list-based management and dynamic monitoring on energy-intensive and high-emission projects and handle them in a category-based mann er. We will conduct a full investigation of ongoing projects, suspending operations in accordance with relevant regulations where energy efficiency levels are below the minimum threshold for the industry in quest ion until problems are addressed. We will push for energy efficiency to be enhanced wherever possible, and strive to reach full compliance with advanced domestic and even international standards. We will scientifically assess planned projects. In industr ies where production capacity has already reached the point of saturation, we will push down capacity according to the “cut and replace” principle; in industries where capacity has not yet reached the point of saturation, we will raise thresholds to align with advanced international standards in accordance with national planning and review and filing requirements; and in emerging industries with relatively high energy consumption, we will provide guidance and support for enterprises in utilizing green and low-carbon technologies and raising energy efficiency. We will thoroughly tap into existing projects, accelerate efforts to phase-out outdated production capacity, and squeeze out potential for energy conservation and emissions reduction through upgrades. We will strengthen regular oversight, and rein in energy-intensive and high-emission projects that fail to meet requirements.

　　(D) peak carbon dioxide emissions Action for Urban and Rural Construction.

　　4. The action for peaking carbon dioxide emissions in urban-rural development area

　　Accelerate the green and low-carbon development of urban and rural construction, and implement the green and low-carbon requirements for urban renewal and rural revitalization.

　　We will speed up green and low-carbon development in urban and rural areas, ensuring that urban renewal and rural revitalization both meet green and low-carbon requirements.

　　1. Promote the green and low-carbon transformation of urban and rural construction. Promote urban group development, scientifically determine the construction scale, and control the excessive growth of new construction land. Advocate the concept of green and low-carbon planning and design, enhance urban and rural climate resilience, and build a sponge city. Promote green low-carbon building materials and green construction methods, accelerate the industrialization of new buildings, vigorously develop prefabricated buildings, promote steel structure housing, promote the recycling of building materials, and strengthen green design and green construction management. Strengthen the green and low-carbon construction of county towns. Promote the establishment of a green and low-carbon oriented urban and rural planning and construction management mechanism, formulate management measures for building demolition, and put an end to large-scale demolition and construction. Building green towns and communities.

　　(a) Promoting green and low-carbon transformation in urban and rural development

　　We will promote the development of city clusters, deciding the size of cities in a rational manner and curbing excessively rapid increase in the amount of incremental construction land. We will promot e green and low-carbon concepts of planning and design, making urban and rural areas more climate resilient and developing sponge cities. We will expand the use of green and low-carbon building materials and green approaches of construction. We will promote the industrialization of new types of buildings, work harder to develop prefabricated buildings, build more steel structure houses, promote recycling of building materials, and intensify green design and construction management. We will strengthen green and low-carbon development of county towns. We will establish mechanis ms for managing urban and rural planning and development that are geared toward green and low-carbon development. We will formulate regulations on the management of building demolition and put an end to demolition and construction of buildings on a large scale. We will work hard to develop green cities, towns, and communities.

　　2. Accelerate the improvement of building energy efficiency. Accelerate the updating of standards for building energy conservation and municipal infrastructure, and improve the requirements for energy conservation and carbon reduction. Strengthen the research and development and promotion of energy-saving and low-carbon technologies suitable for different climate zones and different building types, and promote the large-scale development of ultra-low energy consumption buildings and low-carbon buildings. Accelerate the energy-saving transformation of residential buildings and public buildings, and continue to promote the energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation of municipal infrastructure such as old heating pipe networks. Improve the intelligent level of urban construction and infrastructure operation management, accelerate the promotion of heating metering and charging and contract energy management, and gradually carry out energy consumption quota management of public buildings. By 2025, new buildings in cities and towns will fully implement green building standards.

　　(b) Accelerating building energy efficiency improvement

　　We will work faster to update standards in fields such as building energy efficiency and municipal infrastructure, instituting higher requirements for saving energy and reducing carbon emissions. We will step up the R& D and application of energy-saving and low-carbon technologies that can be used in various climatic regions and for different buildings in order to dev elop ultra-low-energy consumption and low-carbon buildings on a large scale. We will speed up renovation of residential and public buildings to achieve energy efficiency and continue to advance energy-saving and carbon-cutting upgrades of heating pipe networks and other municipal infrastructure. We will increase the intelligence level of managing the operations of urban buildings and infrastru cture. We will move more quickly to expand the use of metered charging for heating and energy performance contracting, and gradually set energy consumption caps for public buildings. By 2025, all newly-constructed buildings in urban areas will meet green building standards.

　　3. Accelerate the optimization of building energy structure. Deepen the application of renewable energy in buildings and promote the integrated application of photovoltaic power generation and buildings. Actively promote clean heating in cold and cold areas, promote cogeneration central heating, accelerate the large-scale application of industrial waste heat heating, actively and steadily carry out nuclear heating demonstration, and implement clean and low-carbon heating such as heat pump, biomass energy, geothermal energy and solar energy according to local conditions. Guide scientific heating in hot summer and cold winter areas, and adopt clean and efficient heating methods according to local conditions. Improve the electrification level of building terminals, and build a "light storage and flexible" building that integrates photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, DC distribution and flexible electricity consumption. By 2025, the replacement rate of renewable energy in urban buildings will reach 8%, and the photovoltaic coverage rate of new public institution buildings and new factories will strive to reach 50%.

　　(c) Accelerating the optimization of building energy consumption structure

　　We will work deeply to promote the use of renewable energy in buildings, and expand the integration of photovoltaics into buildings. We will actively promote clean energy heating in regions with cold and severe cold conditi ons. We will promote central heating with combined heat and power, and speed up the large-scale application of residual heat from industrial processes in heating systems. We will launch demonstrations of nuclear heati ng in an active and prudent manner, and promote clean, low-carbon heating using heat pumps, biomass, geothermal energy, and solar energy according to local conditions. We will guide regions with hot summers and cold winters in procuring heating through rational, clean, and highly efficient means based on their conditions. We will increase proportion of buildings’ energy consumption on electricity, and construct buildings integrating photovoltaic power generation, energy storage, DC power distribution, and flexible power consumption. By 2025, renewable resources will account for 8% of the alternative to conventional energy used in buildings, and we will strive to reach 50% photovoltaic coverage on the roofs of newly constructed public buildings and factories.

　　4. Promote rural construction and low-carbon transformation of energy consumption. Promote the construction of green farmhouses and accelerate the energy-saving transformation of farmhouses. Continue to promote clean heating in rural areas and choose suitable heating methods according to local conditions. Develop energy-saving and low-carbon agricultural greenhouses. Promote energy-saving and environmental protection cookers, electric agricultural vehicles, energy-saving and environmental protection agricultural machinery and fishing boats. Accelerate the application of renewable energy such as biomass energy and solar energy in agricultural production and rural life. Strengthen the construction of rural power grid and improve the electrification level of rural energy consumption.

　　(d) Promoting a low-carbon transition in rural development and energy consumption

　　We will spur the construction of environmentally-friendly rural housing, and speed up energy-saving upgrades on rural housing. We will advance clean energy heating in rural areas by adopting heating approaches suitable to l ocal conditions. We will develop energy-saving, low-carbon greenhouses for agriculture and promote the use of energy-saving, eco-friendly cookers, electric agricultural vehicles, and energy-saving, eco-friendly agricultural machinery and fishing boats. We will speed up the application of renewable energy resources, such as biomass energy and solar energy, in agricultural production and daily life in rural areas. We will strengthen development of rural electrical grids so as to expand the share of electricity in rural energy consumption.

　　(V) Green and low-carbon transportation action.

　　5. The action for promoting green and low-carbon transportation

　　Accelerate the formation of a green and low-carbon transportation mode to ensure that the growth of carbon emissions in the transportation sector remains within a reasonable range.

　　We will move faster to develop green and low-carbon modes of transportation to keep the growth of carbon emissions in the transportation domain within an appropriate range.

　　1. Promote low-carbon transformation of transportation equipment. Actively expand the application of new energy and clean energy such as electricity, hydrogen energy, natural gas and advanced bio-liquid fuel in the field of transportation. Vigorously promote new energy vehicles, gradually reduce the proportion of traditional fuel vehicles in the production and sales of new cars and car ownership, promote the electrification of urban public service vehicles, and promote heavy-duty freight vehicles powered by electricity, hydrogen fuel and liquefied natural gas. Improve the electrification level of the railway system. Accelerate the renovation of old ships, develop electric and liquefied natural gas-powered ships, further promote the use of shore power for ships to dock, and carry out demonstration applications of green smart ships in coastal and inland rivers according to local conditions. Improve the level of electrification and intelligence of airport operation and develop new energy aircraft. By 2030, the proportion of vehicles powered by new energy and clean energy will reach about 40%, the carbon emission intensity of operating vehicles will be reduced by about 9.5% compared with 2020, and the comprehensive energy consumption of national railways will be reduced by 10% compared with 2020. Oil consumption by land transportation will reach its peak before 2030.

　　(a) Promoting low-carbon transformation of transportation vehicles and equipment

　　We will expand the application of new and clean energy in transportation, such as electricity, hydrogen power, natural gas, and advanced liquid biofuels. We will vigorously promote new-energy vehicles, while gradually reducing the proportion of cars that run on traditional oil-based fuels in new car sales and car ownership, promote the replacement of public service vehicles with electric vehicles and the use of heavy cargo trucks fueled by electricity, hydrogen fuel, and liquefied natural gas. We will make the railway system more electricity based. We will work faster to upgrade old ships, and develop ships fueled by electric power and liquefied natural gas. We will further promote the use of shore power by ships while in port. We will m ake in-depth efforts to advance demonstration and utilization of green, smart ships along coastline and inland waterways according to local conditions. We will work to make airport operations based increasingly on electric power and smart technology, and develop new-energy aircraft. By 2030, the share of incremental vehicles fueled by new and clean energy will reach around 40%, carbon emission intensity of commercial vehicles measured on the basis of converted turnover will be cut by about 9.5% compared with 2020, and comprehensive energy consumption of the national railways per unit of converted turnover will be cut by 10% compared with 2020. We will strive to r each a peak in petroleum consumption for land transportation before 2030.

　　2. Build a green and efficient transportation system. Develop intelligent transportation, promote the rational division of labor and effective connection of different modes of transportation, and reduce the no-load rate and unreasonable passenger and freight turnover. Vigorously develop multimodal transport with railways and waterways as the backbone, promote the construction of special railway lines such as industrial and mining enterprises, ports and logistics parks, speed up the construction of high-grade inland waterway networks, and speed up the transportation of bulk goods and medium and long-distance goods. Accelerate the application of advanced and applicable technologies, improve the efficiency of civil aviation operation management, guide aviation enterprises to strengthen intelligent operation, and realize systematic energy saving and carbon reduction. Accelerate the construction of urban and rural logistics distribution system and innovate green, low-carbon, intensive and efficient distribution mode. Create an efficient, fast and comfortable public transportation service system, and actively guide the public to choose green and low-carbon transportation modes. During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the container combined transport of molten iron increased by more than 15% annually. By 2030, the proportion of green travel in cities with a permanent population of more than 1 million will be no less than 70%.

　　(b) Developing green, high efficiency transportation systems

　　We will develop smart transportation and promote rational division of functions and effective linkages between different means of transportation, so as to reduce empty-loading ratio and unreasonable turnover in passenger and freight transportation. We will make great effort to develop multimodal transportation with railway and waterway transportation as the mainstay. We will continue to construct special railway lines for industrial and mining enterprises, ports, and logistic parks, and accelerate development of high-level inland waterway networks so as to facilitate a shift in bulk cargo transportation and mid-long distance freigh t transportation from highways to railways and waterways. We will boost application of advanced and applicable technologies so as to make operation and management of civil aviation more efficient. We will guide businesses in the aviation sector in making their operations smarter and saving energy and reducing carbon emissions in a systematic manner. We will speed up development of the urban-rural logistics and distribution system, and create green and low-carbon, intensive, and highly efficient modes of distribution. We will develop public transport service systems that are fast, convenient, comfortable, and linked efficiently, and actively encourage people to choose green and low-carbon means of transportation. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the volume of rail-ship container transportation will increase above 15% annually. By 2030, no less than 70% of travel will be conducted through environmentally friendly means in cities with permanent populations of one million or more.

　　3. Accelerate the construction of green transportation infrastructure. The concept of green and low-carbon will run through the whole process of transportation infrastructure planning, construction, operation and maintenance to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in the whole life cycle. Carry out green upgrading and transformation of transportation infrastructure, make overall use of comprehensive transportation corridor’s line, land, airspace and other resources, increase the integration of shoreline, anchorage and other resources, and improve the utilization efficiency. We will promote the construction of infrastructure such as charging piles, supporting power grids, filling (gas) stations and hydrogen refueling stations in an orderly manner to improve the level of urban public transport infrastructure. By 2030, vehicles and equipment in civil transport airports will strive to fully realize electrification.

　　(c) Accelerating construction of green transport infrastructure

　　We will implement green and low-carbon thought throughout the whole process of planning, building, operating, and maintaining transport infrastructure, reducing lifecycle energy consumption and carbon emissions. We will carry out green and low-carbon transformation of transport infrastructure, and make utilization of infrastructure more efficient by coordinating the use of route, land, and airspace resources in comprehensive transportation corridors and integrating resources such as waterfront and anchorage. We will boost construction of infrastructure such as charging piles, supporting power grids, and natural gas and hydrogen fueling stations through an orderly approach to improve public transport infrastructure in urban areas. By 2030, all ground vehicles and equipment at civil airports will strive to be powered by electricity.

　　(VI) Circular economy helps to reduce carbon.

　　6. The action for promoting circular economy in carbon mitigation purpose

　　Seize the source of resource utilization, vigorously develop circular economy, comprehensively improve the efficiency of resource utilization, and give full play to the synergistic effect of reducing resource consumption and reducing carbon.

　　Focusing on resource utilization as a key factor, we will push ahead with the development of the circular economy, and work toward an all-around improvement in the efficiency of resource utilization. In the process, we will fully leverage synergistic effects between efforts to reduce resource consumption and cut carbon emissions.

　　1. Promote the recycling development of industrial parks. In order to improve the resource output rate and recycling rate, optimize the spatial layout of the park and carry out the recycling transformation of the park. Promote circular production and industrial circular combination of enterprises in the park, organize enterprises to implement clean production transformation, promote comprehensive utilization of waste, cascade utilization of energy and recycling of water resources, promote the resource utilization of industrial residual pressure and waste gas, waste liquid and waste residue, and actively promote centralized gas supply and heating. Build a platform for sharing infrastructure and public services, and strengthen the management of material flow in the park. By 2030, all key industrial parks above the provincial level will be recycled.

　　(a) Pushing industrial parks to develop in a circular manner

　　Setting our sights on enhancing the productivity of resources and raising the rate at which they are recycled, we will optimize the spatial layout of industrial parks, and retrofit these parks to facilitate circular production. Circular production in enterprises and circular organization of industries in these parks will be encouraged as well, and arrangements will be made for enterprises to conduct retrofits for clean production. We will promote the comprehensive utilization of waste, cascading use of energy, and circular use of water resources. To be specific, we will facilitate the recycling of residual heat and pressure as well as waste gas, liquid, and slag from industrial processes, and actively expand the application of centralized gas and heating supply. We will set up platforms for sharing infrastructure and public services, and strengthen the management of material flow in parks. By 2030, all key industrial parks at the provincial level or above will be upgraded to support circular operations.

　　2. Strengthen the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. Improve the comprehensive development and utilization level and comprehensive utilization rate of mineral resources, focusing on bulk solid waste such as coal gangue, fly ash, tailings, associated minerals, smelting slag, industrial by-product gypsum, construction waste and crop straw, supporting large-volume, large-scale and high-value utilization, and encouraging its application to replace primary nonmetallic minerals, sandstone and other resources. On the premise of ensuring safety and environmental protection, the application of phosphogypsum in soil improvement, underground filling and subgrade construction is explored. Promote the recycling of construction waste and promote the in-situ recycling of waste pavement materials. Accelerate the high-value utilization of straw, improve the collection, storage and transportation system, and strictly control the burning. Accelerate the demonstration construction of comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. By 2025, the annual profit of bulk solid waste will reach about 4 billion tons; By 2030, the annual profit will reach about 4.5 billion tons.

　　(b) Strengthening the comprehensive use of bulk solid waste

　　We will enhance the comprehensive utilization level and increase the multipurpose utilization rates of mineral resources. We will support the large-sca le utilization of waste in manner that maximizes proportion and value with a focus on bulk solid wastes including coal gangue, coal fly ash, tailings, associated minerals, smelting slag, byproduct gypsum, construction refuse, and crop straw, and encourage the use of such waste as a substitute for raw non-metallic minerals and gravel. On the condition of being safe and eco-friendly, we will explore the use of phosphogypsum in improving soil, back filling underground mines, and preparing sub-grade for roads. The recycling of construction wastes will be promoted, and the in-situ reclamation and use of abandoned pavement materials will be widely applied. We will accelerate the recycling of crop straw in a way tha t maximizes its value by refining systems for purchase, storage, and transportation, while strictly enforcing the burning ban. We will also speed up efforts to carry out demonstration projects for the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste. By 2025, the amount of bulk solid waste recycled annually will reach around 4 billion metric tons, rising to about 4.5 billion by 2030.

　　3. Improve the resource recycling system. Improve the recycling network of waste materials, implement the "internet plus" recycling model, and realize the collection of renewable resources. Strengthen the standardized management of the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources and promote the development of industrial agglomeration. Build a modern "urban mineral" base at a high level and promote the standardized, large-scale and clean utilization of renewable resources. Promote the recycling of emerging industrial wastes such as retired power batteries, photovoltaic modules and wind turbine blades. Promote the high-quality development of remanufacturing industries such as auto parts, construction machinery and office equipment. Strengthen the popularization and application of resource recycling products and remanufactured products. By 2025, the recycling amount of nine major renewable resources, such as waste steel, copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, waste paper, plastic, rubber and glass, will reach 450 million tons, and by 2030 it will reach 510 million tons.

　　(c) Refining systems for resource recycling

　　We will improve recycling networks for used materials and waste, and put an “Internet +” recycling model into practice, thus realizing the reclamation of renewable resources to the fullest possible extent. We will strengthen the standardized management of industries rel ated to the comprehensive utilization of renewable resources in order to foster industry clusters. We will advance the high-standard construction of mo dernized centers for recovering mineral resources from urban waste, and promote the clean, standardized, and large-scale use of renewable resources. We will push forward circular utilization of waste from emerging industries such as decommissioned batteri es, photovoltaic modules, and rotor blades of wind turbines. We will also drive high-quality development of remanufacturing industries such as auto parts, engineering machinery, and stationery and office equipment. We will expand the use of remanufactured products and products made from recycled resources. By 2025, the total amount of nine major reusable resources including steel scrap, cooper, aluminum, lead, zinc, waste paper, plastic, rubber, and glass recycled will top 450 million metric tons, reaching 510 million by 2030.

　　4. Vigorously promote the reduction and recycling of domestic waste. Solidly promote the classification of domestic waste, accelerate the establishment of a collection, transportation and disposal system covering the whole society, and fully realize classified delivery, classified collection, classified transportation and classified treatment. Strengthen the whole chain control of plastic pollution, rectify excessive packaging, and promote the reduction of domestic waste sources. Promote the incineration of domestic waste, reduce the proportion of landfill, and explore the resource utilization technology suitable for the characteristics of kitchen waste in China. Promote the recycling of sewage. By 2025, the classification system of urban domestic waste will be basically sound, and the proportion of domestic waste resource utilization will increase to about 60%. By 2030, the classification of urban domestic waste will achieve full coverage, and the proportion of domestic waste resource utilization will increase to 65%.

　　(d) Vigorously promoting efforts to reduce and recycle household waste

　　We will move steadily ahead with the sorting of household waste, and work faster to establish collection, transportation, and disposal systems for household waste covering all of society, thereby ensuring that all household waste can be discarded, collected, transported, and disposed of in a well-sorted manner. We will intensify efforts to control plastic pollution throughout the entire process from production to recyc ling, and take action against excessive packaging, so as to reduce the amount of household waste from this source. We will promote incineration of household waste, bring down the proportion of waste disposed in landfills, and develop recycling technology that is tailored to the peculiarities of kitchen waste in China. The recycling of sewage will also be advanced. By 20 25, a basic sorting system for urban household waste will be established, with the reclamation rate up to about 60%. By 2030, the sorting system for urban household waste will cover all cities, and the reclamation rate will rise to 65%.

　　(7) Green and low-carbon scientific and technological innovation actions.

　　7. The action for advancing green and low-carbon technology innovation

　　Give play to the supporting and leading role of scientific and technological innovation, improve the system and mechanism of scientific and technological innovation, strengthen innovation ability, and accelerate the green and low-carbon scientific and technological revolution.

　　We will give full play to the supporting and guiding role of scientific and technological innovation and improve the relevant mechanisms and systems, so as to enhance our innovation capability and accelerate the revolution in green and low-carbon science and technology.

　　1. Improve the innovation system and mechanism. Formulate the action plan of supporting peak carbon dioxide emissions’s carbon neutrality by science and technology, set up key projects such as research and demonstration of key technologies of carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions in the national key R&D plan, and adopt the mechanism of "unveiling the list" to tackle key core technologies of low carbon, zero carbon and negative carbon. Incorporate the innovation achievements of green and low-carbon technologies into the performance appraisal of universities, scientific research units and state-owned enterprises. Strengthen the dominant position of enterprise innovation, support enterprises to undertake national green and low-carbon major scientific and technological projects, and encourage the open sharing of facilities, data and other resources. Promote the construction of national green technology trading center and accelerate the transformation of innovation achievements. Strengthen the protection of green and low-carbon technologies and intellectual property rights of products. Improve the green and low-carbon technology and product testing, evaluation and certification system.

　　(a) Improving innovation mechanisms and systems

　　An action plan will be formulated to ensure that science and technology support and guide China’s achievement of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and a chieving carbon neutrality. Major R& D and demonstration projects for key technologies related to the achievement of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality will b e set up in national key R&D programs, making use of open competition mechanisms to select the best candidates to lead the projects, and intensifying core technology research for reaching low carbon, zero carbon, and carbon negative. Achievements in green and low-carbon technological innovation will be included in the performance assessments of institutions of universities, scientific and research institutes, and state-owned enterprises. We will boost the principal role of enterprises in innovation, support their participation in major national green and low-carbon science and technology projects, and encourage the sharing of facilities, data, and other resources. A national green technology trade center will be set up to accelerate the commercialization of innovations. The intellectual prop erty rights protection for green and low-carbon technologies and products will be strengthened, and the testing, evaluation, and certification systems for them will be improved.

　　2. Strengthen innovation capacity building and personnel training. Set up peak carbon dioxide emissions carbon neutral related national laboratory, national key laboratory and national technological innovation center, moderately advance the layout of major national scientific and technological infrastructure, and guide enterprises, universities and scientific research units to jointly build a number of national green and low-carbon industrial innovation centers. Innovate the talent training mode, encourage colleges and universities to speed up the discipline construction and talent training of new energy, energy storage, hydrogen energy, carbon emission reduction, carbon sink and carbon emission trading, and build a number of future technical colleges, modern industrial colleges and demonstration energy colleges in green and low-carbon fields. Deepen the integration of production and education, encourage schools and enterprises to jointly carry out cooperation and collaborative education projects between production and education, set up a carbon-neutral development alliance of production and education in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and build a number of innovative platforms for the integration of production and education in national energy storage technologies.

　　(b) Enhancing innovation capability and personnel training

　　National laboratories, key national laboratories, and national technology innovation centers related to the realization of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality will be set up, relevant major national science and technology infrastructure will be planned in advance, and enterprises, universities, and research institutes will be guided in a joint effort to build national green and low-carbon industrial innovation centers. We will develop new appr oaches in personnel training, encourage institutions of universities to accelerate discipline development and talent training in new energy, energy storage, hydrogen energy, carbon emissions mitigation, carbon sinks, and the carbon emission trading, and establish a group of future institutes of technology, modern industrial institutes, and demonstration energy institutes focusing on green and low-carbon technologies. We will deepen industry-education integration, encourage school-enterprise cooperation in educating students, launch an alliance for industry-education integration on the realization of peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, and set up a number of national innovation platforms for industry-education integration on energy storage technology.

　　3. Strengthen applied basic research. We will implement a number of forward-looking and strategic national major cutting-edge scientific and technological projects to promote breakthroughs in the research and development of low-carbon, zero-carbon and negative-carbon technology and equipment. Focus on the green and intelligent development of fossil energy, clean and low-carbon utilization, large-scale utilization of renewable energy, new power system, energy conservation, hydrogen energy, energy storage, power battery, carbon dioxide capture and storage, and deepen the basic research of application. Actively research and develop advanced nuclear power technology, and strengthen the research on cutting-edge disruptive technologies such as controlled nuclear fusion.

　　(c) Boosting application-oriented basic research

　　We will launch a group of major national projects for forward-looking, strategically important cutting-edge technologies with a view to making breakthroughs in low-carbon, zero-carbon, and carbon-negative technological equipment R&D. Focusing on green and smart development and the clean, low-carbon utilization of fossil energy, large-scale utilization of renewable energy, new types of power system, energy conservation, hydrogen energy, energy storage, power batteries, and carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage, we will deepen application-oriented basic research. We will step up R&D in advanced nuclear energy technology, particularly cutting edge and disruptive technologies such as controlled nuclear fusion.

　　4. Accelerate the development, popularization and application of advanced and applicable technologies. Concentrate on technological innovations such as safe and stable operation and control of complex large power grids, large-capacity wind power, high-efficiency photovoltaic, high-power liquefied natural gas engines, large-capacity energy storage, low-cost hydrogen production from renewable energy, and low-cost carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage, accelerate the research and development of basic materials such as carbon fiber, aerogel and special steel, and fill shortcomings such as key components, components and software. Promote advanced and mature green low-carbon technologies and carry out demonstration applications. Build a full-process, integrated and large-scale demonstration project of carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage. Promote the demonstration application of molten salt energy storage heating and power generation. Accelerate the research and development and demonstration application of hydrogen energy technology, and explore the large-scale application in the fields of industry, transportation and construction.

　　(d) Accelerating the R&D and wider application of advanced practical technologies

　　We will intensify innovation on technologies, particularly into the safe, stable operation and control of major complex power grids, large wind farms, high-efficiency photovoltaic panels, heavy-duty liquefied natural gas engines, large capacity energy storage, low-cost hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, and low-cost carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage; accelerate R&D in basic materials such as carbon fiber, aerogel, and special steel; and shore up our short slab in key spare parts, components, and software. We will broaden the application of advanced, mature green and low-carbon technologies and carry out related demonstrations. We will carry out demonstration projects for whole-process, integrated, and large-scale carbon dioxide capture, utilization, and storage as well as demonstrations for the application of molten salt storage for heat supply and power generation. R& D into hydrogen energy technology and its demonstrations applications will be accelerated, and its large-scale application will be trialed in industry, transportation, and construction.

　　(8) actions to consolidate and enhance carbon sink capacity.

　　8. The action for consolidating and enhancing carbon sink

　　Adhere to the system concept, promote the integrated protection and restoration of grass and sand in mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes, improve the quality and stability of ecosystems, and enhance the increment of carbon sinks in ecosystems.

　　We will apply systems thinking, and adopt a holistic approach to the conservation of mountain, river, forest, farmland, lake, grassland, and desert ecosystems. Efforts will be made to improve the quality and stability and the carbon sink capacity of our ecosystems.

　　1. Consolidate the carbon sequestration of ecosystems. Combined with the compilation and implementation of national spatial planning, we will build a national spatial development and protection pattern that is conducive to peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. Strictly observe the red line of ecological protection, strictly control the occupation of ecological space, establish a nature reserve system with national parks as the main body, and stabilize the carbon fixation of existing forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, soils, frozen soil and karst. Strictly implement land use standards, strengthen the evaluation of economical and intensive land use, and popularize land-saving technologies and modes.

　　(a) Consolidating the carbon sequestration capacity of ecosystems

　　By making and implementing China’s territorial space plans, we will work to form a new model of development and protection, which is conducive to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We must strictly enforce red lines in ecological conservation, control the use of ecological spaces, and build a nature reserve system centered on national parks, to stabilize the carbon sequestration ability of forests, grasslands, rivers and lakes, wetlands, oceans, soil, permafrost, and karst areas. We must strictly implement standards for land use, promote economical and intensive use of land, and spread relevant technologies and practices.

　　2. Enhance the carbon sink capacity of the ecosystem. Implement major ecological protection and restoration projects. We will further promote large-scale land greening, consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, and expand the total amount of forest and grass resources. Strengthen the protection of forest resources, implement the accurate improvement project of forest quality, and improve the quality and stability of forests. Strengthen grassland ecological protection and restoration, and improve the comprehensive vegetation coverage of grassland. Strengthen the protection and restoration of rivers, lakes and wetlands. Promote the protection and restoration of marine ecosystems as a whole, and enhance the carbon fixation capacity of mangroves, seagrass beds and salt marshes. Strengthen the restoration and management of degraded land, carry out comprehensive management of desertification, rocky desertification and soil erosion, and implement ecological restoration projects for mines left over from history. By 2030, the national forest coverage rate will reach about 25%, and the forest stock will reach 19 billion cubic meters.

　　(b) Enhancing the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems

　　We will carry out large-scale programs to protect and restore major ecosystems. We will push ahead with large-scale afforestation, and consolidate achievements already made in returning marginal farmland to forests and grasslands, to increase forest and grassland resources. We will strengthen forest protection, and take targeted measures to improve the quality of our forests, so as to enhance the quality and stability of forests. We will step up efforts to protect and restore grassland ecosystems, and increase the overall vegetation coverage of grasslands. We will strengthen the protection and restoration of rivers, lakes, and wetlands. We will comprehensively protect and restore marine ecosystems, improve the carbon sequestration capacity of mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes. We will move forward with efforts to restore and improve degraded land, and make comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rocky desertification, and soil erosion. We will work to improve and restore environments surrounding abandoned mining areas. We will expand forest coverage around 25% of Ch ina’s total land area and increase forest stock volume to 19 billion cubic meters by 2030.

　　3. Strengthen the basic support of carbon sinks in ecosystems. Relying on and expanding the investigation and monitoring system of natural resources, making good use of the national comprehensive monitoring and evaluation results of forest and grass ecology, we will establish an accounting system for monitoring carbon sinks in ecosystems, carry out background investigation, carbon storage assessment and potential analysis of carbon sinks in forests, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, soils, frozen soil and karst, and implement monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of ecological protection and restoration. Strengthen the research on the basic theory, methods and cutting-edge subversive technologies of carbon sequestration in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Establish and improve the ecological protection compensation mechanism that can reflect the value of carbon sinks, and study and formulate relevant rules for carbon sink projects to participate in the national carbon emission trading.

　　(c) Strengthening the foundation for ecological system carbon sinks

　　Based on and supported by the systems for investigating and monitoring natural resources, we will make good use of the results of national comprehensive monitoring and evaluation of forest and grassland ecosystems, and develop a system for monitoring and accounting the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems. We will carry out background surveys of carbon sink in fore sts, grasslands, wetlands, oceans, soil, permafrost, and karst areas, evaluate their stock, and analyze their potential. We will also monitor and evaluate carbon sink capacities of protected and restored ecosystems. We will strengthen research on basic theories, basic methods, and cutting-edge disruptive technologies in relation to carbon sinks in land and marine ecosystems. We will improve mechanisms for ecological compensa tion, with a focus on measuring the value of carbon sinks. We will work to establish rules for carbon sink projects involving in national carbon market.

　　4. Promote emission reduction and carbon sequestration in agriculture and rural areas. Vigorously develop green and low-carbon circular agriculture, and promote low-carbon agricultural models such as complementary agriculture and light, "photovoltaic+facility agriculture" and "offshore wind power+marine pasture". Research and application of foreign exchange-increasing agricultural technology. Carry out actions to improve the quality of cultivated land, implement the national black land protection project, and improve the soil organic carbon storage. Reasonably control the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and plastic film, implement the substitution plan of reducing chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and strengthen the comprehensive utilization of crop straw and the resource utilization of livestock manure.

　　(d) Promoting carbon emissions reduction and carbon sequestration in agriculture and rural areas

　　We will step up efforts to develop green, low-carbon and circular agriculture, and support low-carbon modes such as agricultural photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic power and protected agriculture, and the combination of offshore wind farms and marine ranches. We will research applied agricultural technologies that can increase carbon sequestrati on. We will improve the quality of cropland and protect China’s chernozem soils, to enhance soil organic carbon content. We will appropriately control the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and agricultural plastic sheeting, carry out plans for replacing conventional fertilizers and pesticides with organic alternatives, and step up efforts to recycle and comprehensively utilize resources from crop straw and livestock and poultry waste.

　　(9) Green and low-carbon national action.

　　9. The action for green and low-carbon society

　　Enhance the awareness of saving, environmental protection and ecology of the whole people, advocate a simple and moderate, green, low-carbon, civilized and healthy lifestyle, and turn the green concept into the conscious action of all people.

　　We will raise public awareness of the need to conserve resources, protect the environment, and maintain the ecosystems, and encourage simple, moderate, green, low-carbon and healthy ways of life, so that the people become more active in pursuing green development.

　　1. Strengthen publicity and education on ecological civilization. Incorporate ecological civilization education into the national education system, carry out various forms of education on resources, environment and national conditions, and popularize the basic knowledge of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. Strengthen the public’s science education on ecological civilization, organically integrate the concept of green and low carbon into literary and artistic works, produce cultural and creative products and public service advertisements, and continue to carry out thematic publicity activities such as World Earth Day, World Environment Day, National Energy Conservation Publicity Week and National Low Carbon Day, so as to enhance the public’s awareness of green and low carbon and promote the concept of ecological civilization to be more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

　　(a) Strengthening publicity and education for ecological civilization

　　We will incorporate education on ecological civilization into the national education system, inform the public of China’s current situation in terms of resources and the environment in various ways, and help them better understand peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will raise awareness on ecological civilization, and ensure that literary and artistic works reflect our green and low-carbon direction. We will develop related cultural and creative products and publ ic service advertisements, and continue to carry out themed campaigns including Earth Day, World Environment Day, National Energy-Saving Week, and National Low-Carbon Day, so as to raise public awareness of green and low-carbon development and spur public enthusiasm for ecological civilization.

　　2. Promote a green and low-carbon lifestyle. Resolutely curb extravagance and unreasonable consumption, strive to break the bad habits of extravagance and extravagance, and resolutely stop the waste of food and beverage. Advocate energy conservation in the whole society, carry out demonstration and creation of green and low-carbon society, further promote the creation of green life, select and publicize a number of outstanding demonstration models, and create a new trend of green and low-carbon life. Vigorously develop green consumption, promote green low-carbon products, and improve the certification and labeling system for green products. Improve the proportion of green products in government procurement.

　　(b) Advocating green and low-carbon living patterns

　　We must curb luxury, waste, and unnecessary consumption, put a resolute stop to wasteful behaviors, and work tirelessly to reduce food waste in the catering industry. We will promote energy conservation throughout whole society, launch demonstration campaigns to build a green and low-carbon society, intensify initiatives to promote eco-friendly living patterns, select and publicize a group of role models, and foster new trends for green and low-carbon living patterns. We will vigorously expand green consumption, promote green and low-carbon products, and improve the system for green product certifications and labels. We will increase green government procurement rate.

　　3. Guide enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities. Guide enterprises to actively adapt to the requirements of green and low-carbon development, strengthen environmental responsibility awareness, strengthen energy and resource conservation, and enhance the level of green innovation. State-owned enterprises in key areas, especially central enterprises, should formulate and implement the peak carbon dioxide emissions Action Plan of enterprises and play a leading role in demonstration. Key energy users should sort out and calculate their own carbon emissions, deeply study the path of carbon emission reduction, and formulate a special work plan for "one enterprise, one policy" to promote energy conservation and carbon reduction. Relevant listed companies and bond issuing enterprises shall regularly publish corporate carbon emission information in accordance with the requirements for legal disclosure of environmental information. Give full play to the role of social organizations such as industry associations and urge enterprises to consciously fulfill their social responsibilities.

　　(c) Encouraging enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities

　　We will encourage enterprises to take proactive steps to meet needs for green and low-carbon development, shoulder more responsibility for environmental protection, strengthen energy and resource conservation, and take green innovation initiatives to the next level. State-owned enterprises in key areas, especially those managed by the central government, should draw up peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans and strengthen their ability to take the lead and offer guidance. Major energy consumers s hould review and account for their own carbon emissions, further explore ways to cut emissions, and formulate dedicated work plans tailored to their specific conditions to advance efforts in energy conservation and emissions reduction. Relevant li sted and bond-issuing companies should disclose their carbon emissions according to requirements of environmental information disclosure laws. We will support industry associations and other similar social organizations in encouraging enterprises to fulfill their social responsibilities.

　　4．强化领导干部培训。将学习贯彻习近平生态文明思想作为干部教育培训的重要内容，各级党校（行政学院）要把碳达峰、碳中和相关内容列入教学计划，分阶段、多层次对各级领导干部开展培训，普及科学知识，宣讲政策要点，强化法治意识，深化各级领导干部对碳达峰、碳中和工作重要性、紧迫性、科学性、系统性的认识。从事绿色低碳发展相关工作的领导干部要尽快提升专业素养和业务能力，切实增强推动绿色低碳发展的本领。

　　(d) Increasing training for cadres

　　We will designate Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization as a core part of education and training for officials. Party schools and academies of governance at all levels should include peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality in their programs and conduct phased training for officials at all levels. The training should popularize scientific knowledge, explain policy priorities, raise officials’ rule of law awareness, and deepen their understanding of the importance, urgency, scientific essence, and systematic approaches of work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. Leading officials in charge of green an d low-carbon development should improve their professional competence and abilities as soon as possible to effectively fulfill their duties.

　　(10) orderly peak carbon dioxide emissions operation in different regions.

　　10. The action for promoting all regions to peak carbon dioxide emissions hierarchically and orderly

　　All regions should accurately grasp their own development orientation, combine the actual economic and social development of the region and the endowment of resources and environment, adhere to classified policies, adjust measures to local conditions, and promote peak carbon dioxide emissions in an orderly manner.

　　All regions should clarify their development priorities by taking into account their economic and social development status and resource and environmen tal endowments, and proceed toward peaking carbon dioxide emissions with a categorized, region-specific, orderly approach in phases through coordination between different levels of government.

　　1. Scientifically and reasonably determine the goal of reaching the peak in an orderly manner. Areas where carbon emissions have been basically stable should consolidate the achievements of emission reduction and further reduce carbon emissions on the basis of taking the lead in realizing peak carbon dioxide emissions. Areas with light industrial structure and excellent energy structure should adhere to green and low-carbon development, resolutely not rely on the "two high" projects to promote economic growth, and strive to take the lead in realizing peak carbon dioxide emissions. Areas with heavy industrial structure and coal-based energy structure and resource-based areas should put energy conservation and carbon reduction in a prominent position, vigorously optimize and adjust the industrial structure and energy structure, gradually decouple carbon emission growth from economic growth, and strive to achieve peak carbon dioxide emissions simultaneously with the whole country.

　　(a) Setting sound, systematic targets

　　In areas where carbon emissions have been generally stabilized, we need to consolidate our achievements in emission reductions, and continue to cut down carbon emissions after firstly realizing peak carbon emissions. In areas with a relatively light industrial structure and an optimal energy mix, we need to stick to a path of green and low-carbon development, resolve not to follow the old path of relying on energy-intensive, high-emission projects to fuel economic growth, and above all, strive to peak carbon dioxide emissions. In areas with a heavy industrial structure or coal-dominant energy mix, and in areas that are economically reliant on local resources, we need to prioritize energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction, do our utmost to improve the industrial structure and energy mix, gradually decouple economic growth from carbon emissions growth, and endeavor to peak carbon dioxide emissions in line with the rest of China.

　　2. Promote green and low-carbon development according to local conditions. All regions should combine regional major strategies, regional coordinated development strategies and main functional area strategies, and proceed from reality to promote green and low-carbon development in the region. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and other regions should play the role of high-quality development power source and growth pole, and take the lead in promoting comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. The Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Yellow River Basin and the National Ecological Civilization Experimental Zone should strictly implement the strategic orientation of ecological priority and green development, and take the lead in green and low-carbon development in the country. The central, western and northeastern regions should focus on optimizing the energy structure, orderly promote the concentration of high-energy-consuming industries in areas with clean energy advantages in accordance with industrial policies and the requirements of dual control of energy consumption, and actively cultivate green development momentum.

　　(b) Promoting green and low-carbon development according to local conditions

　　In light of major regional strategies along with the strategy for coordinated regional development and the functional zoning strategy, all local governments should promote green and low-carbon development that is based on their own local realities. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area etc. will play their roles as drivers and growth poles for China’s high-quality development and lead the way in promoting an overall green transformation of economic and social development. The Yangtze Economic Belt, the Yellow River Basin, and the national ecological civilization pilot zones will strictly follow the strategic guidance to prioritize ecological conservation and boost green development, and take the lead in China’s drive to pursue a green and low-carbon development. In line with state industrial policies and requirements for controllin g both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption and striving to improve the energy consumption structure, the central and western regions and northeast China will relocate energy-intensive industries to areas with clean energy potentials in an orderly mann er and proactively foster new drivers for green development.

　　3. Up and down linkage to develop local peak plan. The people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should, in accordance with the overall national arrangements, combine the natural resources and environmental endowments, industrial layout and development stages of the region, adhere to a national chess game, make a scientific plan of action for peak carbon dioxide emissions in the region, and put forward a realistic and feasible timetable, road map and construction drawings for peak carbon dioxide emissions to avoid "one size fits all" power and production restriction or "carbon reduction" by sports. The peak carbon dioxide emissions Action Plan of each region is comprehensively balanced and approved by the peak carbon dioxide emissions Carbon Neutralization Leading Group, and then issued and implemented by the local authorities.

　　(c) Formulating local peaking carbon dioxide emissions plans through coordination between central and local authorities

　　The people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government will follow the overall plans and requirements of the state and take into consideration local resource endowments, industrial layouts, and development stages, considering whole-of-nation approach and avoiding “jump the gun, ” to formulate their peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans and set out pragmatic timetables, road maps, and blueprints. We must avoid “one size fitting all” approach for electricity consumption restriction and industrial production restriction, and must avoid campaign-style carbon mitigation. Upon the overall assessment and approval by the Leading Group on Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality (hereinafter referred to as the Leading Group) for realizing peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality, regional peaking carbon dioxide emissions action plans will be published and implemented by local governments.

　　4. Organize the pilot construction in peak carbon dioxide emissions. Increase the central government’s support for local governments to promote peak carbon dioxide emissions, select 100 typical cities and parks to carry out pilot construction in peak carbon dioxide emissions, give support to the pilot cities and parks in terms of policies, funds and technology, accelerate the transformation of green and low carbon, and provide operational, replicable and popularized experiences and practices for the whole country.

　　(d) Carrying out pilot projects

　　The central government will provide more support for local governments to help them reach peaking carbon dioxide emissions. A total of 100 pilot cities and industrial parks will be designated and given support in terms of policy, funding, and technology to launch peaking carbon dioxide emissions trials, so that they will move faster toward their green and low-carbon goals and provide transferable experience that can be applied elsewhere in China.

　　四、国际合作

　　IV. International Cooperation

　　（一）深度参与全球气候治理。大力宣传习近平生态文明思想，分享中国生态文明、绿色发展理念与实践经验，为建设清洁美丽世界贡献中国智慧、中国方案、中国力量，共同构建人与自然生命共同体。主动参与全球绿色治理体系建设，坚持共同但有区别的责任原则、公平原则和各自能力原则，坚持多边主义，维护以联合国为核心的国际体系，推动各方全面履行《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《巴黎协定》。积极参与国际航运、航空减排谈判。

　　1. Participating in global climate governance

　　In enthusiastically communicating to the public Xi Jinping’s thought on ecological civilization, we are willing to share with others our concept and practices of pursuing ecological progress and green development, to contribute China’s wisdom, approach and strength to building a clean and beautiful world, and to work together toward building a community of life for humankind and nature. China will actively participate in the development of the global green governance system, and adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities as well as the principle of fairness. China will uphold multilateralism, safeguard the UN-centered international system, and urge all parties to fulfill the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement. We will take an active part in the negotiations on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in international aviation and shipping.

　　(2) Carry out green economic, trade, technical and financial cooperation. Optimize the trade structure and vigorously develop the trade of green products with high quality, high technology and high added value. Strengthen international cooperation in green standards, promote the implementation of conformity assessment cooperation and mutual recognition mechanisms, and do a good job in linking green trade rules with import and export policies. Strengthen the import and export of energy-saving and environmental protection products and services. Strengthen cooperation in green technology, promote scientific research cooperation and technical exchanges in the fields of renewable energy, energy storage, hydrogen energy, carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage, and actively participate in international major scientific projects such as the international thermonuclear experimental reactor program. Deepen international cooperation in green finance, actively participate in the international macro-coordination of carbon pricing mechanism and green financial standard system, and work with relevant parties to promote green and low-carbon transformation.

　　2. Carrying out green cooperation on business, technology, and finance

　　We will optimize the trade structure, and promote the trade of high-quality, high-technology and high value-added green products. We will step up international cooperation on green standards, promote the implementation of the system for conformity assessment cooperation and mutual accreditation, and ensure compatibility between the green trade rules and import & export policies. We will boost the import and export of energy-saving and environmental protection products and services. In expanding green technolog y cooperation, we will promote research cooperation and technological exchanges relating to renewable energy, energy storage, hydrogen power, carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage, and take an active part in major international scientific projects such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Project. We will intens ify green finance cooperation across the world, actively participate in carbon pricing and global macro policy coordination on green finance standards, and work with all parties concerned to move forward with the transformation toward a green and low-carbon growth model.

　　(3) Promoting the construction of a green "the belt and road initiative". Adhere to the principle of cooperation, joint construction and sharing, carry forward the concept of openness, green and honesty, strengthen cooperation with the belt and road initiative countries in the fields of green infrastructure, green energy and green finance, improve the environmental sustainability of overseas projects, build a green and inclusive the belt and road initiative energy partnership, and expand the export of new energy technologies and products. Give play to the role of cooperation platforms such as the the belt and road initiative International Alliance for Green Development, promote the implementation of the the belt and road initiative Principles for Green Investment, and promote the the belt and road initiative South-South Cooperation Plan for Climate Change and the the belt and road initiative Action Plan for Science and Technology Innovation.

　　3. Making the Belt and Road Initiative a green initiative

　　We will follow the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, uphold openness, green development, and integrity in advancing the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and strengthen cooperation with other participants on green infrastructure, green energy, and green finance. We will make overseas projects more environmentally sustainable, develop a BRI energy partnership characterized by green development and inclusiveness, and expand the export of new energy technology and products. We will bring into full play the role of cooperation platforms such as the BRI Internation al Green Development Coalition, advocate the Green Investment Principles, advance the implementation of the Belt and Road South-South Cooperation Initiative on Climate Change and the Belt and Road Science, Technology, and Innovation Cooperation Action Plan.

　　V. Policy guarantee

　　V. Policy Support

　　(1) Establish a unified and standardized statistical accounting system for carbon emissions. Strengthen the capacity building of carbon emission statistical accounting, deepen the research on accounting methods, and accelerate the establishment of a unified and standardized carbon emission statistical accounting system. Support industries and enterprises to carry out research on carbon emission accounting methodology according to their own characteristics, and establish and improve the carbon emission measurement system. Promote the development of carbon emission measurement technology, accelerate the application of emerging technologies such as remote sensing measurement, big data and cloud computing in the field of carbon emission measurement technology, and improve the level of statistical accounting. Actively participate in the research of international carbon emission accounting methods and promote the establishment of a more fair and reasonable carbon emission accounting method system.

　　1. Developing a unified and standardized carbon emissions measuring and counting system

　　We will improve our capacity for the statistics and accounting of carbon emissions, work for better accounting methods, and accelerate the establishment of a unified and standardized carbon emissions measuring and counting system. We will support industries and business es in conducting methodology research on carbon emissions accounting based on their own characteristics, and set up a sound measuring system for that purpose. To upgrade measurement technology for carbon emissions, we will move faster to apply new technologies such as remote sensing measurement, big data, and cloud computing, and raise our statistical accounting capabilities. We will take part in international cooperation for accounting method development, thus promoting the establishment of fairer and more equitable carbon accounting systems.

　　(2) Improve laws, regulations and standards. Build a legal system conducive to green and low-carbon development, and promote the formulation and revision of energy law, energy conservation law, electricity law, coal law, renewable energy law, circular economy promotion law, and cleaner production promotion law. Accelerate the update of energy-saving standards, revise a number of energy consumption limits, mandatory national standards for energy efficiency of products and equipment and engineering construction standards, and improve the requirements for energy conservation and carbon reduction. Improve the renewable energy standard system and speed up the formulation and revision of standards in related fields. Establish and improve the standards for hydrogen production, storage, transmission and use. Improve the industrial green and low-carbon standard system. Establish standards for carbon emission accounting, reporting and verification of key enterprises, and explore the establishment of carbon footprint standards for key products throughout their life cycle. Actively participate in the formulation and revision of international standards such as energy efficiency and low carbon, and strengthen the coordination of international standards.

　　2. Improving laws, regulations, and standards

　　To build a legal system that supports the green and low-carbon development, we will promote the formulation and revision of the Energy Law, the Energy Conservation Law, the Electric Power Law, the Coal Industry Law, the Renewable Energy Law, the Law on Promoting the Circular Economy, and the Law on Promoting Clean Production. We will update energy efficiency standards at a faster pace, and revise a raft of energy consumption caps, compulsory national standards for the energy efficiency of products and equipment, and project construction standards, in an effort to raise the standards for energy conservation and carbon emissions reduction. We will refine the system of standards for renewable energ y and expedite the pace of formulating and updating standards in these sectors. We will establish well-conceived standards for the production, storage, transportation and usage of hydrogen. We will improve standards on environmentally friendly and low-carbon development of industries. We will lay out s tandards for calculating, reporting, and verifying the carbon emissions from major enterprises, and explore ways to set life cycle carbon footprint standards for major products. We will actively participate in the formulation and revision of inte rnational standards on energy efficiency, low-carbon development etc., and strive for better alignment of these standards.

　　(3) Improve economic policies. People’s governments at all levels should increase their support for peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. Establish and improve the tax policy system conducive to green and low-carbon development, implement and improve preferential tax policies such as energy saving and water saving and comprehensive utilization of resources, and give full play to the role of taxation in promoting green and low-carbon development of market players. Improve the green electricity price policy, improve the residential ladder electricity price system and the time-of-use electricity price policy, and explore the establishment of a dynamic adjustment mechanism for time-of-use electricity prices. Improve the evaluation mechanism of green finance and establish and improve the standard system of green finance. Vigorously develop green loans, green equity, green bonds, green insurance, green funds and other financial instruments, set up carbon emission reduction support tools, guide financial institutions to provide long-term and low-cost funds for green low-carbon projects, and encourage developmental policy-oriented financial institutions to provide long-term and stable financing support for peak carbon dioxide emissions Action in accordance with the principle of marketization and rule of law. Expand the depth and breadth of the green bond market, and support qualified green enterprises in listing financing, listing financing and refinancing. Study and set up a national low-carbon transformation fund to support the green transformation of traditional industries and resource-rich areas. Encourage social capital to set up green and low-carbon industry investment funds in a market-oriented way.

　　3. Optimizing economic policies

　　All governments should deliver greater support to work related to peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will establish a sound tax policy system that is conducive to green and low-carbon development, refine and implement preferential tax policies for energy and water conservation and the comprehensive use of resources, and better leverage the role of tax in spurring environmentally friendly and low-carbon development of market entities. We will refine green pricing po licy for electricity, introduce sound tiered pricing for household electricity consumption and time-of-use electricity pricing, and explore ways to establish a dynamic mechanism for adjusting time-of-use electricity pricing. We will improve the evaluation mechanism and standards for green finance and establish a sound green finance standard system. We will make an all-out effort to develop green credit, equity, bond, insurance, fund and other financial instruments. With the introduction of tools which support carbon emissions reduction, we will guide financial institutions in providing long-term, low-cost funding for green and low-carbon projects, and encourage development and policy-backed financial institutions to provide continued long-term financial support for peaking carbon dioxide emissio ns initiatives by employing market-oriented and law-based measures. We will expand the depth and width of the green bond market, and support qualified green enterprises in their efforts to go public and refinance. We will research to set up a national fund for low-carbon transfor mation to support traditional industries and resource-rich regions in pursuing green transformations. Nongovernmental capital will be encouraged to set up green and low- carbon industry investment funds in a market-based manner.

　　(4) Establish and improve the market-oriented mechanism. Give play to the role of the national carbon emission trading market, further improve the supporting system, and gradually expand the scope of trading industries. We will build a national energy use right trading market, improve the paid use and trading system of energy use rights, and do a good job in connecting with the dual control of energy consumption. Make overall plans to promote the market construction of carbon emission rights, energy use rights and electricity trading, strengthen the connection and coordination between market mechanisms, and incorporate carbon emission rights and energy use rights trading into the public resource trading platform. Actively promote contract energy management, and promote "one-stop" comprehensive service modes such as energy-saving consultation, diagnosis, design, financing, renovation and custody.

　　4. Establishing sound market mechanisms

　　We will give full play to the role of the national carbon emission trading market, further refine supporting systems, and expand the trading scope in due course. We will build a national market for energy-use rights, improve the system for the paid use and trading of energy-use rights, and ensure its compatibility with the system to control both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption. We will make systematic efforts to build markets for trading carbon emission rights, energy-use rights and electricity, and make the market mechanisms better linked and more coordinated, so that the trading of carbon emission rights and energy-use rights can be included in trading platforms for public resources. We will promote contrac ted energy management, and encourage one-stop services for the consultancy, diagnosis, design, financing, renovation, and entrustment of energy-saving projects.

　　VI. Organizing implementation

　　VI. Implementation

　　(1) Strengthen overall coordination. Strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee on peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutral work, and the leading group for carbon neutral work in peak carbon dioxide emissions will make overall arrangements and systematically promote the relevant work in peak carbon dioxide emissions, and make overall plans to study important issues and formulate major policies. Member units of the leading group for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions should make solid progress in related work in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and the work requirements of the leading group. The Office of the Leading Group for Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions should strengthen overall coordination, regularly schedule the progress of work in various regions, key areas and key industries, scientifically put forward a step-by-step timetable and road map for peak carbon dioxide emissions, and urge the implementation of various objectives and tasks.

　　1. Strengthening planning and coordination

　　The CPC Central Committee will strengthen its centralized, unified leadership over the efforts to peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality. The Leading Group will make overall plans and systematic steps, and take a holistic approach to major issues and major policies. The members of the Leading Group will make solid efforts in line with the decisions an d plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and relevant requirements defined by the Leading Group. The Leading Group Office will streng then planning and coordination, examine and coordinate work in all regions and key areas and industries on a regular basis, and scientifically put forward the timetable and road map for carbon dioxide peaking step by step so as to ensure the thorough and effective implementation of all targets and tasks.

　　(2) Strengthen the implementation of responsibilities. All relevant departments in all regions should deeply understand the importance, urgency and complexity of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality, earnestly shoulder their responsibilities, and focus on the implementation of various tasks in accordance with the Opinions of the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Completely, Accurately and Comprehensively Implementing the New Development Concept and Doing a Good Job in Carbon Neutralization in peak carbon dioxide emissions and the main objectives and key tasks set out in this plan, so as to ensure that policies, measures and results are in place and that the implementation is included in the central and provincial eco-environmental protection inspectors. All relevant units, people’s organizations and social organizations should actively play their role in promoting green and low-carbon development in accordance with the relevant national arrangements.

　　2. Ensuring responsibility

　　Being fully aware of the importance, urgency, and complexity of initiatives related to carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality, all regions and departments must take on responsibilities, work toward the goals and major tasks defined in this plan and in line with the Working Guidance for Carbon Dioxide Peaking and Carbon Neutrality in F ull and Faithful Implementation of the New Development Philosophy, focus on the key targets and important tasks, and ensure all policies and measures are implemented effectively. The performance of all these tasks will be subject to central and provincial environm ental inspections. In light of state plans, all relevant departments, people’s organizations, and social groups should make full use of their strengths to promote green and low-carbon development.

　　(3) Strict supervision and assessment. We will implement the system of carbon intensity control and total carbon emission control as a supplement, implement collaborative management, collaborative decomposition and collaborative assessment of energy consumption and carbon emission indicators, and gradually establish a comprehensive evaluation and assessment system for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions. Strengthen the application of supervision and assessment results, commend and reward regions, units and individuals with outstanding achievements in peak carbon dioxide emissions according to regulations, and implement informed criticism and interview accountability for regions and departments that have not completed their objectives and tasks according to regulations. The people’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall organize the annual assessment of peak carbon dioxide emissions’s objectives and tasks, and report the relevant work progress and major issues to the leading group for carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions in a timely manner.

　　3. Exercising strict oversight and assessment

　　We will implement a system for controlling both carbon intensity and total carbon emissions, taking the former as the priority. We will coordinate the management, allocation, and assessment of energy consumption and carbon emissions targets, and gradually develop a sound and comprehensive evaluation mechanism for peaking carbon dioxide emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. We will mak e better use of evaluation results, rewarding outstanding regions, organizations, and individuals for their contributions to achieving peak carbon dioxide emissions while holding accountable those regions and departments which fail t o accomplish targets and tasks with circular criticisms and admonishment in accordance with laws and regulations. Governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government will evaluate the performance of major peaking carbon dioxide emissions targets on an annual basis, and report promptly to the Leading Group on the ongoing progress and major issues.

　　

　　Deliver. Everything we dmc inject manuFacture Begins as an Idea, a raw concept that we transform dmc injection insto a precis component, designed and problem to work.

　　

　　According to the so-called list, the single-core and multi-core scores of Galaxy S20 Fan Edition 5G are 588 and 2448 respectively. Compared with the reported Snapdragon variant, this is pale. Before the advent of Galaxy Note 20, there were rumors that European models would be equipped with an optimized version of Exynos 990. We don’t know whether this improved variant will still power the streamlined Galaxy S20 model, because the current results suggest that it also lags behind Exynos Note 20.

　　The benchmark database also shows that in addition to the previously rumored 6GB model, there will be an 8GB RAM version. Storage is expected to start at 128GB.

　　Although the emergence of Exynos 990 may disappoint some fans, the rest of the expected specifications sound promising. It is expected that this mobile phone will be equipped with a 6.7-inch Infinity-O display with a refresh rate of 120Hz, which is not available in flagship machine Galaxy Note 20. It may be equipped with a three-camera system, a 12MP main sensor, and 12MP. Ultra-wide unit, and 8MP telephoto module with 3x optical zoom. It is rumored that the front camera is 32MP.

　　It is said that a battery weighing 4,500mAh can keep the light on, and the IP68 of the mobile phone is waterproof and dustproof.

　　Color options seem to include white, green, red and orange. The estimated price of the 5G variant is about $799, which means that only LTE models will be very affordable. Samsung doesn’t care about the existence of Galaxy S20 fan version, but there are rumors that it will be released in the fourth quarter of 2020.