王宁代表省委、省人大常委会、省政府、省政协对大会召开表示热烈祝贺，对全省社科联组织为推动我省哲学社会科学事业发展作出的贡献给予肯定。他强调，习近平总书记就繁荣发展中国特色哲学社会科学发表一系列重要讲话、作出一系列重要指示，云南省广大哲学社会科学工作者要深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，深入贯彻习近平总书记考察云南重要讲话和重要指示批示精神，始终坚持正确的政治方向、学术导向和价值取向，做到方向明、主义真、学问高、德行正，紧盯学术前沿，聚焦服务党和国家事业发展全局，潜心研究、开拓进取，切实担负使命任务，努力为开创云南哲学社会科学事业的蓬勃发展新局面作出贡献。

　　云南省社会科学界联合会（简称云南省社科联）是中共云南省委、云南省人民政府领导下的学术性人民团体，是全省性社科类社会组织和州市社科联、高等院校社科联、省属企业社科联的联合组织，是党和政府联系社会科学工作者的桥梁和纽带，是繁荣和发展哲学社会科学事业的重要力量。

　　近年来，云南民族大学师生在省委、省政府的坚强领导和省委宣传部的正确指导下，坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，坚持围绕中心、服务大局，扎实推进理论研究、智库建设、学术交流等工作，在哲学社会科学研究领域取得了较好的发展成绩。在2023年3月15日公布的《中共云南省委 云南省人民政府关于表彰奖励云南省社会科学奖获奖项目的决定》中，云南民族大学20项优秀成果分别获得一、二、三等奖，获奖数量位居全省高校、科研院所前三名。云南民族大学党委书记阮朝奇同志当选为云南省社会科学界联合会兼职副主席，都充分彰显了云南民族大学在哲学社会科学领域的研究获得了社会各界认可。（云南民族大学报）

　　

　　Can Safly Interrupt the Arc Generated During During Breaker’s Shutdown.

　　Suppression Mechanism (Arc Extinguisher) Other Insulator has blocked the Current Flow in the loop.

　　 Circuit Breaker is used with a voltage rating of more than 600 VOLTS. These are powerd by solenoids, with calending sensing props driven throughchcurrent transfmers.

　　, ETC.READ Also: How does a refrigeration system work?used in power grids, substations, powerlines, Maintenance, .DOnter-Pole Breakers Consist of Two Hot Wires Connected to a Neutral Wire. With this design, LIKED It, then share this with your Friends.want Free PDFS DIRECT to your inbox? Then subscribe to our newsletter.download pdf of this article:

　　

　　Tube bundle: a bundle of convection heating surfaces composed of parallel tubes F between the same inlet header and outlet header (or boiler).

　　Spirally- wound tubes horizontally surrounding the tube ring: a water-cooled wall tube screen with a horizontal or slightly oblique spiral J-2 liters along the circumference of the furnace.

　　Ribbon panel: multi-stroke horizontal or vertical circuitous water wall panel.

　　Up flow riser tube panel: a water wall tube panel in which the working medium rises vertically for one or more times.

　　Tube panel: a screen-like heating surface composed of parallel pipes between the same inlet header and outlet header (or drum).

　　Header: a cylindrical pressure vessel used to collect or distribute multiple pipes in medium-sized materials.

　　End cover Head: the sealing part of the header.

　　Head: the seal of the drum or shell.

　　Simplified cylindrical shell: the cylindrical part of a drum, shell or header.

　　Pressure part: a part that bears the pressure of internal or external media.

　　Pressure part: a part that bears the pressure of internal or external media.

　　Convection heating surface: a heating surface that mainly absorbs heat from exothermic media by convection heat transfer.

　　Radiant heating surface: a heating surface that mainly absorbs heat from a hot medium by radiation heat exchange.

　　Heating surface: the surface that absorbs heat from the exothermic medium and transfers it to the heated medium.

　　Boiler proper: It is composed of boiler drum, heating surface and their connecting pipes (including flue and air duct), combustion equipment, framework (including platform and escalator) furnace wall and slag removal equipment.

　　Indirect leakage bypass leakage entrained leakage: In the rotary air preheater, the rotor or hood brings air into the flue gas when rotating.

　　Direct leakage leakage leakage: In rotary air preheater, due to the static pressure difference between air and flue gas, air flows to the flue gas side through the sealing gap.

　　Rotating cup atomization; Rotary- cup atomization: oil is atomized by centrifugal force when it is thrown out by high-speed rotation.

　　Twin-fluid atomization: the oil is atomized by the impact force of steam or compressed air, including steam atomization and air atomization.

　　Pressure atomization; Mechanical atomization pressure atomization mechanical atomization: oil is atomized by turbulent pulsation and air shielding force when oil is ejected under pressure.

　　Sectional air supply zone control: it is an air supply mode that divides the air chamber under the mechanical grate into several sections and adjusts them according to the amount of combustion air required by each section along the length of the grate.

　　Negative pressure ventilation induced draft: a ventilation mode that uses induced draft fan pressure head to overcome the resistance of flue to keep negative pressure in the furnace.

　　Positive pressure ventilation forced draft: a ventilation method that overcomes the resistance of flue gas duct with blower head to keep positive pressure in the furnace.

　　Balanced draft: a ventilation method that uses the pressure head of blower to overcome the resistance of air duct and the pressure head of induced draft fan to overcome the resistance of flue to keep negative pressure in the furnace.

　　Mechanical draft: a ventilation method that relies on the pressure head generated by mechanical methods to overcome the resistance of flue gas duct.

　　Natural draft: a ventilation method that relies on self-generated ventilation head to overcome the resistance of flue.

　　Gas recirculation: a part of low-temperature flue gas is extracted from the flue of economizer or other places and sent to the furnace, so as to change the distribution ratio of heat absorbed by radiation and convection heating surfaces or reduce the temperature of flue gas at the outlet of the furnace for steam temperature adjustment or preventing slagging.

　　Fluidized- bed combustion: a way of burning fuel in fluidized state on a fluidized bed under the action of appropriate air velocity.

　　Cyclone- furnace firing: Fuel and air rotate at high speed in a high-temperature cyclone cylinder, and some fuel particles are thrown to the liquid slag film on the cylinder wall for combustion.

　　

　　

　　Secondary bonding of materials, Making it easy and faster to the achieve a class-a surger finish, join two parts, or Quickly repair a damaged mold.

　　Tools to Maximize Production Efficience and Build Better, Higher-Quality Products. "

　　

　　

　　Video of puzzle playing clip

　　Grape Jun contacted Zhang Shen, the producer of "City of God", and he told us about the development origin, gameplay and the process of getting on the Steam green light.

　　The origin of development: a long-cherished wish after ups and downs

　　In fact, Zhang Shen has been developing games for more than ten years.

　　Since 1999, Zhang Shen has worked in Zhiguan and Shanda, and started his own business as a private server and a page tour. In 2013, he felt that the mobile game market was full of gold, so he came out to start a business and made an infringing card-based cottage mobile game. This hand tour has achieved good results, and it is said that there are about 50 million running water throughout the year. At that time, the company once expanded to more than 100 people.

　　After that, they added distribution business and set up five products, but they couldn’t make any money. Gradually, the monthly income of their first product is only a few hundred thousand, and the R&D team has become the biggest redundancy. "The gold rush is over, we don’t have core competitiveness, and we have to give away a Ferrari every month …" In desperation, the team began to disband, leaving only a few people.

　　In March this year, Zhang Wei went to Japan to visit companies such as Glory and Bandai Nanmeng Palace, and felt their spirit of playing games for decades, and finally realized a problem:

　　"I’m not suitable for a speculator, and following the trend can’t give me a sense of security. When the company is big, I feel awkward, but in fact I am not me. "

　　As Zhang Wei said, "It’s really inspiring to let go of the company and fame." One day, he saw a police car in the homestay next to Lake Biwa, and suddenly he was inspired. I stayed up all night and wrote a long planning case of "City of God".

　　Play: sandbox crime with high degree of freedom

　　At first, Zhang Shen’s idea was very huge. The gameplay includes both simulated management, RPG and SLG；; The scene has both a large-scale sandbox city and several detailed room strongholds; Warden, zombies, even a dog will all become the protagonists of the game. "You will gradually learn about the past of every criminal, such as the dog was the son of a scientist before he was assassinated …"

　　However, unlike many independent developers who are passionate and want to realize all their ideals with one game, the rationality of controlling products still prevails. "I want to launch a decent version in at least one year. Because of my money, the flowing water of my previous works, plus the financing I got in February, may only be enough for my brothers to spend a year. " So, he is going to split the grand world into three games that are related to each other but play differently.

　　The same is true of art and music solutions. "We don’t have the experience and funds to do 3 D. If we don’t do well, we will become a short board; 2D art is not outstanding enough. And pixels neither add points nor subtract points. " In addition, this team of only eight people did not outsource sound effects. Zhang Shen personally composed 16 BGM songs. "I can’t tell my feelings and the outsourcing team can’t understand them, so I’ll do it myself."

　　In the first-generation game being produced, namely "City of God: Prison Empire", players have to play the role of the warden who has just taken over a prison. In order to support themselves, they start to build cells, accept criminals, and start processing factories from clothing to drugs and firearms to make profits.

　　prison

　　With the improvement of the prison level, players will find more criminals with different specialties such as blasting, firearms, driving and stealing. Players can do whatever they like, build functional buildings, and let them drink, gamble and prostitute … Once criminals have trust in players, they can enter the big map, commit crimes for players and generate greater profits.

　　Bars, casinos, brothels and so on.

　　City of God has a huge sandbox map. "We have designed personality hobbies for each resident; Every car can rob; Players can also change their styles in barbershops and clothing stores. The difference from GTA is that every room in the game can be visited and random levels are generated; Players can also make drugs and even conduct international trade after investing in public facilities. " At the same time, the game may also add social elements of buying and selling resources among players in products such as Hay Day and Sim City.

　　Racing, hostage-taking, confrontation with the police, gang fighting, bank robbery and sneaking in correspond to different ways of playing. QTE, team configuration, diving, solving puzzles, etc. will all be added to the criminal process as light gameplay. Zhang Shen is also working hard to make the gameplay have a multiplication effect. "Criminals can be recruited not only through human resources systems and side tasks, but also through framing. For example, if you want to build a drug processing factory, you must first get a scientist. To get a scientist, you need to send criminals into his room, put drugs at home, and frame him for imprisonment. "

　　Town map

　　As shown in the video at the beginning of the article, City of God already has a Demo that shows how to solve puzzles. In Demo, players have to solve various puzzles, sneak in or even shoot through security guards, steal money and run away in a limited time. Of course, this Demo is a bit stiff because there is no other gameplay and narrative supplement.

　　Climb the Steam green light: almost like a dream.

　　Zhang Wei said that pixels and crime themes are definitely not very popular in China, and it is even difficult to pass the trial. Therefore, it is almost the only way for them to board the Steam green light in advance and meet the global Steam players as soon as possible.

　　The road to green light is not smooth. At first, many foreigners would directly comment: "China game is a cottage game, which is rubbish, so I ordered NO directly!" Some people will compare the game with other products.

　　But later, Zhang Shen introduced the game over and over again in SteamCN, forums and post bars, communicated with players, and showed many details of the circle powder:

　　Warden! Please ask your purchasing manager to buy shower gel instead of soap. This will greatly reduce the death rate of your prisoners in the bathroom.

　　If you want to rob or steal during rush hours, it is recommended to plan ahead. In order to avoid traffic jams during running. …

　　Gradually, the interface of "City of God" received more than 700 replies. Many Russians still ask why there is no Russian version. Finally, this game got the sixth place. During the days of voting, the whole team was half asleep: "Is this fucking true?" There are even players from the Foreign Languages Institute of the United States, New Zealand, Canada and China who responded to their call and participated in the English-speaking process of the game without pay.

　　Zhang Wei said that at present, the completion progress of "City of God" is about 40%. With the experience of previous projects, the technical difficulty is not great. Prison internal construction, big map and random checkpoint development tools have also been completed. Next March, a complete Demo will be released. In June, E3 will be exhibited, officially released and landed on the Steam platform. Now they have also participated in the PS competition, seeking opportunities to cooperate with Sony and board the mainframe. As for the mobile version, it will be further away.

　　In Grape King’s view, the biggest problem of "City of God" lies in the diversity of gameplay and the huge structure. Zhang Shen also admitted that "the team is still doing subtraction to find a balance point that can keep the fun of playing without affecting the overall structure."

　　In Zhang Wei’s view, The City of God is not in a hurry. After all, it takes three generations of games to present his plan completely. He said with a smile, it doesn’t matter that the first work was scolded, the second work was scolded, and the third work was scolded.

　　"If you do the fourth part, someone will always say yes."

　　Attached is the introduction page of "City of God" PS Contest:

　　http://zhongchou.modian.com/item/1511.html

　　

　　It Offers Extra Features that Make It a Superior Circuit Breaker Such As Remote Closing and Adjustable Trip Settings I.E. ITS Currentttings and Time Settings CANJSEDGINDED ADJSEDGED ACCASTDDASTDASTDADIDARDDASTDALIDRACADDASTDALDRDIDADIDADIDADDIDADIDADIDADIDADIDIDADIDIDADIDIDADIDIDADIDIDADIDIDRCDGEDACDJSEDGINGINGINGINGINGINGINED ADJSEDIDDASCDIDDACDGINDED ADJSEDED ADJSEDED ADJSTED

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　　MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker) -CONSTRUCTION, Working, Types and Applications

ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) -Construction, Types & Working

MCCB is used to propick the low voltage distribution system. It is available in rating up to 2500 amps and 1.1 kv.

　　An MCCB is Made from the Following Main Parts Each One Explated in Detail

　　Arc Chute

Contals

Operating mechanism

Terminal Connector

Thermal trip unit

Magnetic Trip Unit

Handle / Trip-Free Mechanism

Trip button

　　BELOW is the brief deTails of Each Mechanism Use in a Typical Mccb.

　　Arc Chute

　　Then, then

　　Contals

　　of the circuit breaker.

　　Operating mechanism

　　

　　Terminal Connector

　　PHYSICAL Installation

　　Trip unit

　　It is the unit residation to trigger the operating mechanism. The trip unit includes a thermal mechanis mechanism for oversload, Magnetic Tripping for Short Circuits and a Test Button.

　　Thermal trip unit

　　The thermal trip unit uses a thermal mechanis that is a bimetallic strip that bends (and opens the controls) when the tempic risses day.

　　Magnetic Trip Unit

　　Circuit Breaker.

　　Handle / Trip-Free Mechanism

　　It is a handle use to open or close the breaker manually. It is also known as a trip-free mechaneism beCAUSE it trip every if the handle is held in posity.

　　

　　Trip button

　　The trip button is used for testing the breaker. It is a red-colord Button that trips the operating mechanis when public.

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MCCB as it is an Electrical Protection Device Has the Following Functions

　　Protection Against Overloading

　　Protection Against Short Circuit

Large and very desRuctive.

　　Short Circuit Current Must be interrupted in the shortest period of time.

　　Manual switching

The McCB Can AloForm Manual Switching to Switch On/off the Power Supply to the Circuit Connect. It can de-Energize the Circuit in casenance.

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　　Overload Protection

The Strip Bends or Contracts.

　　

　　

　　Short Circuit Protection

　　Then, then

　　As mccb are advanced versions of mcb, they are also classify like they based on the tripping curves.

　　Type B mccb:

　　LOW SURGES. It will be fastly trip every in normal conditions. They are used for resision loads and other residentive elements.

　　Type C mccb:

　　Then, then

　　Type D McCB:

　　Industries.

　　Type K mccb:

　　Type K McCB TRIPS at 10 TO 12 TIMES ITS Rated Current with A Tripping Time of 0.04 to 5 Seconds. They are used for inductive loads such with high infurren.

　　Type z mccb:

　　

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The mccb testing is cracial to see if it is operating as it is support, use the following tests.

　　The necessary protering.

　　Low Contract Resultance this having a very low voltage drop.

　　Tripping test: These tests are used to simulating how the mccb responds to fault consitions. They must be polformed last as the tests heat up the mccb.

　　

　　

　　Maintenance of MCCB

ETC.

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Main Difference Between Fuse and Circuit Breaker

Advantages

　　MCCB HAS An Adjustable Trip Setting that Allows It to be used for low as well as large

It can handle a very large current.

It can instantly interrupt very large currents.

It has a movable trip unit.

It has a very small tripping time this fast switching during fault current.

It also offers a remote on/off feature.

It has a compact design and takes less space.

Disadvantages

　　MCCB is not suitable for high voltage applications.

They are not suitable for domestic applications.

SINCE MCCB Can Handle Very High Currents, they are using for heavy-duty applications such as in foundries.

　　

Motor Protection: MCCB is used in indablectRies to protsted large electrical motors from overloading. It offers adjustable trip settings to the high infleth nurset

Welding Machine Protection: Welding Machines Draw a Vry Large Amount of Current that An MCB Cannit Handle. The MCCB is using for Welding Machines.

Generator Protection: They are also used for printing of large generator that generates hundreds of amps.

CAPACITOR Bank Protection: CAPACITOR Bank Is used for Power Factor Correction. MCCB IS Also userd for its property aginst High Currents.

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　　Parts Free from Any Error.

　　Limits index time and throughput, and has a low power density, and account suffer.

　　USING A Direct-DRIVE MOTOR in Next-Generation Stamping Presses Can Increase Speed and Stroke Optimization While Requering Fewer Paster PRODACHLOATTARTARTARTARRARARARARARAOAAOAAOAationAEOOOOOOOAOOOOOOOOOAOOAOAOAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEAAAEAAAAAAEAAAAAAEAAAAAAEEEationationationationationationationationctationctationsationationationationationationationationationryesesropriate point

　　Process. This creates a quiet and dynamic operation with a very long system lifetime.

　　

　　Reducing Vibration in the Stamping Process is the Principal Reason for Selecting a Direct-Drive Motor, but there are complexentary advantages: RELIBILITY, SIZE, POWER, SPEDE, SEDED, SIDE, Spize

　　Any Tuning Or Maintenance to Correct for this in a Standard Mechanical Transmission System is Eliminated, Making It Less Costly to Maintain and Repair Over Time.

　　Overall Machine.

　　Machines can produce more with less.

　　

　　[Global Network Report Intern reporter Yan Wei] Gun violence has shrouded Chicago in the past weekend. According to the news of Fox News and Chicago Tribune on the 12th, KTS Dre, a rapper in Chicago, was ambushed just after he was released from prison on the evening of 10th local time. He was shot 64 times and died after being rescued. The report said that this was a targeted attack.

　　According to Fox TV, the local police reported that KTS Dre, whose real name is Sylvester in London, was fatally shot in the street opposite Cook County Prison in Chicago at around 8: 50 pm local time on the 10th. The report quoted the Cook County Forensic Medicine Office as saying that Sylvester was subsequently taken to a local hospital and was pronounced dead at 9: 25 pm.

　　The Chicago Tribune quoted local police as saying that Sylvester had as many as 64 gunshot wounds to the head and other parts of his body, and a complete autopsy report detailing his injuries would be released within a few weeks.

　　The Chicago Tribune also quoted local police sources as saying that the location of the crime was full of 59 pistol casings. A 60-year-old woman walking with Sylvester was shot in the knee and was taken to a local hospital, where she was deemed to be in good condition. At the same time, another 30-year-old woman in the street also had a scratch on her mouth. "It seems that Sylvester was the intended target, while (other women) were accidentally hit," the police said.

　　According to Fox News, the police said that after the shooting incident, an unknown number of suspects fled in different directions in different vehicles.

　　Fox News also quoted Chicago local media "CWBChicago" as saying that Sylvester was arrested on April 27, 2020 on charges of being a felon but holding a gun and resisting the police.

　　Fox News reported that gun violence hung over Chicago this past weekend. From 6 pm local time on the 9th to 11: 59 pm local time on the 11th, Chicago police recorded 33 shooting incidents, 40 shooting victims and 11 murders.

　　

　　Rising metal prices directly push up the cost of downstream manufacturing. Taking steel as an example, the price of domestic rebar has risen to 6200 yuan/ton, which has become the focus of attention in all aspects. In the same period, the executive meeting of the State Council has repeatedly studied the problem of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices of bulk commodities, demanding that we attach great importance to the adverse effects caused by rising prices, highlight key comprehensive policies and precise regulation, and curb its unreasonable rise. Therefore, today we select two key varieties, copper and iron ore, to analyze the historical price fluctuation law, and look at the new factors of this round of price increase through analysis.

　　Analysis of fluctuation law and trend of copper and iron ore prices

　　(A) the law of copper price fluctuations and the analysis and judgment of the current price

　　Judging from the historical price of copper in the past 20 years, the copper futures price on the London Metal Exchange includes three obvious price cycles, namely the first cycle from 2004 to 2008, the second cycle from 2009 to 2015 and the third cycle from 2016 to 2020 (see Figure 1).

　　Through comparison, it is found that the rising stage of the first three cycles has the following three characteristics:

　　First, the rising stage is about two years. The rising phase of the first three cycles lasted 24 months, 25 months and 24 months respectively.

　　Second, the price increases all exceeded 50%, with an average increase of 189%. The price increases in the first three cycles were 242%, 257% and 68% respectively.

　　Third, the price starting point of each cycle continues to rise. The initial prices of the first three cycles in the rising phase were USD 2513/ton (May 17, 2004), USD 2845/ton (December 24, 2008) and USD 4331/ton (January 15, 2016) respectively. At present, the international copper price is in the rising stage of the fourth cycle, with the starting price of $4,360/ton (March 23, 2020), which has risen for 16 months, with the largest increase of 126% and a record high. Its trend is similar to the rising stage of the second cycle, and the final high price may exceed expectations. As a big consumer country, China may face a more severe price situation.

　　(two) the fluctuation law of iron ore price and the analysis and judgment of the current price

　　Compared with copper futures prices with a history of more than 40 years, iron ore prices have only been priced by index since 2008. In the past ten years, Platts’ 62% grade iron ore price index has shown a "V" trend (see Figure 2).

　　Specifically:

　　The first stage is the decline stage from February 2011 to December 2015, which lasts for 4 years and 10 months, from $193 per ton to the historical low of $38.5, with a drop of 80%;

　　The second stage is the rising stage from December 2015 to the present, with a total of 5 years and 7 months. Among them, there are four high points on February 21st, 2017 (95.05 USD/ton), July 3rd, 2019 (126.35 USD/ton), December 21st, 2020 (176.90 USD/ton) and May 12th, 2021 (233.10 USD/ton), respectively.

　　Through the comprehensive analysis of the historical price and reasons of iron ore, we believe that the current iron ore price is at an irrational high level, the market speculation bubble is obvious, the financial premium is beyond the reasonable range, and the time interval between high points is greatly shortened due to the COVID-19 epidemic. It is expected that the price may fluctuate violently in the later period, and the market is at a higher risk stage.

　　The structural contradiction between supply and demand brought about by the COVID-19 epidemic is the main reason for pushing up metal prices.

　　In 2020, an COVID-19 epidemic swept the world, causing the global economy to fall into a historic recession, and the overall economic impact far exceeded the 2008 financial crisis. In particular, the intensification of ideological confrontation, the problem of virus traceability and the politicization of vaccine distribution have increased the trend of "anti-globalization". The global commodity supply chain is affected by more non-supply and demand fundamental factors, and the output of superimposed metal material producing countries has declined due to the epidemic, which has jointly aggravated the structural contradiction between supply and demand.

　　(1) The epidemic has brought significant changes to the global economy and the short-term supply and demand pattern of commodities.

　　Since 2020, the global spread of the COVID-19 epidemic has dealt a heavy blow to the economies of various countries, and the global economy has declined by 3.3%. After the United States began to vaccinate in early 2021, the economy recovered relatively steadily. In the first quarter of 2021, the United States achieved economic growth of 0.4%, while China achieved rapid growth of 18.3%. As the two most important economies in the global economy, the economic growth of the United States and China, especially the rapid economic growth of China, has led to a sharp rise in commodity prices. At the same time, in many developing countries, especially those that rely on resource export, the epidemic situation is weak, the vaccination rate is low, the virus mutation is complex, and they have to continue to adopt "sealing off the country" measures to deal with it. Due to the blockade measures of resource exporting countries, the supply side of bulk commodities appears short-term mismatch, insufficient supply or poor transportation, which leads to the price increase of most bulk commodities.

　　(2) The epidemic situation has aggravated the structural imbalance between supply and demand of copper mines.

　　The epidemic situation has further aggravated the tight supply of copper. Chile and Peru are the top two copper producers in the world. China imports copper for smelting and is the largest refined copper producer in the world. According to the data of World Bureau of Metals Statistics (WBMS), from 2017 to 2019, the copper production in Chile and Peru accounted for 27.7% and 11.9% respectively, totaling 39.8%, and the refined copper production in China accounted for 38.6% in the world.

　　The epidemic situation in Chile has been repeated, and copper mining enterprises have been forced to close down in stages, which has affected the transportation of copper mines. For example, in June 2020, Chile’s largest national copper company closed its smelter and refinery in Chukikamata, the second largest copper mine; In April 2021, the Chilean government announced the closure of the border for one month. Although the Chilean Ministry of Energy and Mines said that the closure of the border will not affect the normal operation of maritime transportation and mining enterprises, the market’s concerns about copper supply are still driving the price of copper to rise.

　　In another producing country, Peru, in order to curb the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, from March to June, 2020, the country implemented nationwide compulsory quarantine. After the quarantine measures were lifted in some parts of Peru in July, the number of newly confirmed cases in COVID-19 rose rapidly, and it was forced to implement compulsory quarantine again on January 31, 2021, and continued until the end of June. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the epidemic situation and blockade measures have led to a significant decline in Peru’s copper production.

　　(3) The epidemic situation has intensified concerns about the global iron ore supply.

　　There has been an oligopoly pattern in the global iron ore market for a long time. Compared with copper, the market is more fragile and more sensitive to the political situation and epidemic situation of relevant countries. China’s iron ore imports are highly concentrated in Australia and Brazil, accounting for about 60% and 20% of the total imports respectively, accounting for about 80% of the total imports. At present, the four major miners (BHP Billiton in Australia, Rio Tinto in Britain, Vale in Brazil and FMG in Australia) have achieved a high degree of monopoly on global high-quality iron ore resources, and their total iron ore output is close to half of the global output.

　　In early 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic struck, the price of iron ore rose sharply in the first place, even though most of the global commodity prices were still falling. The COVID-19 epidemic caused the output of international mining giants to fall short of expectations. For example, the iron ore production and transportation of Vale and Rio Tinto were affected by the epidemic, and the supply was insufficient. Especially since the second half of 2020, the Australian government has politicized the issue of virus traceability, which has led to the deterioration of Sino-Australian relations and triggered market concerns about iron ore supply. Because China’s high-grade iron ore mainly comes from Australia, speculative funds have been greatly speculated, and the price of iron ore has risen irrationally, resulting in obvious political and epidemic premium.

　　Excess liquidity magnifies the contradiction between supply and demand and the price increase.

　　In response to the impact of the epidemic, the world’s major economies have adopted a series of monetary and fiscal stimulus policies, with excessive liquidity, a lower dollar and a sharp rise in financial markets and commodity prices. Liquidity provides speculators with sufficient ammunition for speculation, while the structural contradiction between supply and demand caused by the epidemic, the unsynchronized epidemic prevention and control in major countries, the unfair distribution of vaccines, and the staged differences in the economic restart of major economies have provided the market with a broad speculation theme, which has stimulated and amplified the price increase.

　　Global liquidity has increased dramatically. In order to get rid of the epidemic situation, countries mainly adopt increasing liquidity to stimulate the economy. In the United States, for example, the assets of the Federal Reserve have increased by $4.0 trillion since 2020, an increase of ninety-seven percent. Among them, from March to May 2020, it increased by 2.9 trillion US dollars, an increase of 69%. At the same time, the M2 of the United States increased by 4.8 trillion US dollars, with an increase rate of 31%.

　　The commodity market is located in the upstream of the industrial chain and is the "preference" target of venture capital. Funds are moving closer to the commodity market with low risks and clear returns in the economic restart, and continue to accumulate long-term power, which has become an important driver of price increases.

　　The increase in liquidity directly leads to the depreciation of the US dollar, which is another important factor for the rise in international commodity prices. The depreciation of the dollar has two driving forces:

　　On the one hand, there is a clear negative correlation between the dollar and commodity prices. Commodities are denominated in dollars. When they depreciate, their prices will rise, and vice versa.

　　On the other hand, the dollar is the main source of liquidity increase, and the flood of liquidity directly increases the speculative demand of international commodities. There is a statistically negative correlation between the US dollar index and the CRB index, which reflects the international commodity prices, and this negative correlation has become more clear since the epidemic. The US dollar index dropped from 102.817 points on March 20th, 2020 to 89.436 points on January 5th, 2021, with a decrease of 13%. The CRB index rose from 106.3 points on April 21, 2020 to 195.1 points on February 24, 2021, with an increase of 84%.

　　The epidemic situation once again shows that China’s influence on metal prices is insufficient.

　　China, as the first country to break through the new crown pneumonia epidemic, its special and unrepeatable anti-epidemic methods show strong institutional advantages and become the "backbone" and important engine of global economic recovery. However, the sharp rise in metal prices has dragged down the driving force of economic growth, once again highlighting the obvious shortcomings in China’s industrial chain and price influence.

　　(A) China metal industry position to further consolidate.

　　China is the world’s largest producer of iron and steel, has been the world’s largest consumer and importer of iron ore for many years, and is also a big importer of copper concentrate and a big producer of refined copper. The epidemic situation has further strengthened China’s position in the metal industry.

　　In terms of copper mines, according to the data of the International Copper Research Organization (ICSG) and the National Bureau of Statistics, the global refined copper output in 2020 was 24.437 million tons, up 1.65% year-on-year, and the refined copper output in China was 10.025 million tons, up 2.46% year-on-year, accounting for 40.70% of the global refined copper output in 2019 to 41.02% in 2020.

　　In terms of iron ore, according to the data of the General Administration of Customs, China imported 1.17 billion tons of iron ore and its concentrate in 2020, a year-on-year increase of 9.5%. According to the data of the World Iron and Steel Association, the global crude steel output reached 1.864 billion tons in 2020, down 0.9% year-on-year, while China’s crude steel output reached 1.053 billion tons, up 5.2% year-on-year, and its share of global crude steel output increased from 53.3% in 2019 to 56.5% in 2020.

　　(B) Western hype "China factor", once again reflects the weakness of China’s weak price influence.

　　For a long time, the status of China’s metal industry does not match the price influence, and the right to speak on the price is firmly in the hands of the seller. The rapid recovery of China’s economy from the epidemic has led to an obvious increase in the demand for metals. However, western institutions advocate a "super bull market" to speculate on the "China factor", attributing the price increase to China’s demand and making China "take the fall" for the price increase.

　　In early 2021, Goldman Sachs threw out the argument that "commodities are welcoming a bull market". In April, when it announced the closure of the border in Chile, it said that "copper can be bottomed out", released a research report on "copper is new oil" and raised the copper price target for the next 12 months to $11,000 per ton; Bank of America even shouted that copper prices may soar to $13,000 per ton in the next few months. From this, we can see that the prices of metal varieties such as copper and iron ore, which are necessary and relatively scarce for China’s economic development, have become the main targets of speculation, once again reflecting the shortcomings of China’s weak influence on metal prices. Even, China’s commitment to peak carbon dioxide emissions has become an excuse to maliciously speculate on the high price of metal raw materials.

　　(C) High metal prices are the main transmission direction of imported inflation at present.

　　China’s metal import prices have risen sharply. According to the data of the General Administration of Customs, the average price of imported iron ore and its concentrate in China has continuously increased from 87.4 USD/ton in May 2020 to 174.0 USD/ton in May 2021, with an increase of 99%. The average price of imported copper ore and its concentrate in China rose from $1,362/ton in June 2020 to $2,384/ton in May 2021, with an increase of 75%.

　　Due to the upward trend of metal prices, the material cost of downstream industries has been pushed up, which is the main transmission source of imported inflation. For example, due to the soaring steel price caused by the rising iron ore price, the cost of the downstream main steel industry has soared. According to preliminary calculations, the upward trend of iron ore prices since March 2020 alone has increased the cost of each car by more than 2,200 yuan, and the new cost per 100 million yuan of infrastructure investment has increased by more than 7.3 million yuan.

　　At present, some casting, forging or metalworking enterprises in the market have announced that they will stop production due to rising raw material prices. This rise in the price of metal raw materials will be transmitted to downstream industries in the future, and finally to consumer goods, and will affect the level of consumer prices.

　　At present, the scissors gap between PPI index and CPI index in China is constantly expanding, and there is a trend to break through the historical high. This short-term conduction block does not mean that it will be blocked for a long time, and some of it will be transmitted to the final consumer goods. If CPI and PPI rise at the same time and run at a high level in the future, it means that the coming of inflation will have an adverse impact on the industrial chain and even the overall economic growth, and measures need to be taken to prevent it in advance.

　　

　　Illustrate

　　Trigger Reason

　　Solution

　　Disch

　　Screen Blank

　　1. Check WHETHER the Battery Circuit Breaker, PV Circuit Breaker, and AC in Circuit Breaker Are Closed?

　　2. WHETHER the SWITCH is in the "on" state;

　　3. Press Any Button on the Screen to exit the screen sleep mode.

　　4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【01】

　　Battery UnderVoltage Protection

　　(Software Protection)

　　1. Check the battlery type, when it corresponds to the battle set by the machine. (Parameter: ITEM 08).

　　2. Check WHETHER the Actual Voltage Value of the Battery is Lower than the setting value of 14 Parameters.

　　If the voltage is low, the 14th parameter value, please charge the battle, and when the battery voltage is giveer than the 14th parameter value

　　3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【02】

　　Battery Average Discharge Current Overcurrent (Software Detection)

　　There are two ways to eliminate the 02 fault:

　　1. Manual reset: Power Off And RESTART The Machine.

　　(BeFore Restarting, Please Disconnect The Mains, Photovoltaic Input, And Load, and only use battered power))

　　2. Automatic Reset: Within 10 Minutes, The Battery Discharge Current is Lower than 118a.

　　(That is, Reduce the load and charge the battlela. Confirm the battle voltage. Generally, The Battery Voltage is too low in the range of 5K/118a = 42.37)

　　3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【03】

　　Battery Missing Warning

　　1. Check WHether The Battery is connected normal?

　　2. Check WHETHER the Ship Type Switch is not turned on (on -wepen)

　　3. The Lithium Battery May be in a Protected state. Set the 08 Parameter to the Lithium Battery Mode, Connect to the Photovoltaic Panel or MAINS, and CHARGE to action the battle.

　　

　　5. Power Off And Restart the Machine.

　　6. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【04】

　　Battery Over-Discharge Protection

　　(Software Protection)

　　1. Measure the actual voltage of the battery or check the display screen of the machine to dispay the actual voltage of the battery, the whise is slow the 12 Parameter Values:

　　1.1. Please Continue to Charge the Battery. After the Battery Voltage Is Higher than the 35 Parameter Values, The Fault Will Be Automatic Eliminated.

　　1.2. If the battery voltage is higher than the 35 parameter values after charging, and the fault is not eliminated, please power off and restart the machine.

　　2. Measure the actual voltage of the battery or check the display screen of the machine to dispay the activity voltage of the battery, the whise is higher than the 12 Parameter Values:

　　2.1. Please Continue to Charge the Battery. After the Battery Voltage Is Higher than the 35 Parameter Values, The Fault Will Be Automatic Eliminated.

　　2.2. If the battery voltage is higher than the 35 parameter values after charging, and the fault is not eliminated, please power off and restart the machine.

　　2.3. Manual Reset: Power Off And RESTART The Machine.

　　3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【05】

　　Battery OverCurrential Protection

　　(Hardware Detection)

　　1. Power Off And Restart the Machine.

　　;

　　

　　

　　3. After restArting the Machine with only the battery, if the fault 05 is constinuously triggegered and cannot be reset with 3 minutes, there is a proplem impity, the mason.

　　4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【06】

　　Battery Overvoltage Protection

　　1. Disconnect the PV and MAINS POWER, RESTART The Machine,

　　

　　3. Check When the Voltage On the Machine Display is Consistent with the Actual Battery Voltage. If the displayed voltage is inconsisisisisisisisisisisis, the action values, all

　　4. Check WHether The Battery input Voltage Is within the Range of the Machine. If it is not without, disconnect the input and connect to the battle

　　5. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【07】

　　Internal battery Battery Battery Battle

　　【08】

　　Internal battlery,

　　【09】

　　PV Input Overvoltage

　　1. Use a Multimeter to check the PV Input Voltage, WHETHER It Exceeeds or is very close to the allowable input voltage of the machine?

　　If Yes, Please Reduce the Number of PV Modules Connected in Series so that the pv matches the input voltage of the machine.

　　2. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【10】

　　PV Charging Overcurrent Software Protection

　　【11】

　　PV Charging Overcurrent Hardware Protection

　　【12】

　　Master-SLAVE CHIP SPI Communication Failure

　　【13】

　　Bypass Overload (Software Detection)

　　【14】

　　Inverter Overload (Software Detection)

　　【15】

　　Inverter Overcurrent (Hardware Detection)

　　1. Automatic Reset: Automatic Reset with 5 Minutes;

　　2. Manual reset: Reduce the load power, power off and restart the machine. (After connefirming that the machine displays an off screen, start the machine)

　　3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【16】

　　Slave Chip Request Shutdown Fault

　　1. Power Off And Restart the Machine.

　　2. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【17】

　　Inverter Short Circuit Protection

　　1. Carefully Check the load connection and clear the short-circuit faces;

　　2. Disconnect all wires from the machine, and only connected the battery to the machine.

　　3. Power Off And Restart the Machine.

　　4. If it is used in paradlel with the machine, please check when 31 Parameters are setting correctly.

　　5. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【18】

　　Bus soft start fault

　　1. Power Off And Restart the Machine.

　　2. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【19】

　　PV SIDE RADIATOR OVER-Temperature Protection

　　(Software Detection)

　　【20】

　　Inverter Radiator Over-Temperature Protection

　　(Software Detection)

　　【twenty one】

　　FAN FAILURE (Hardware Detection)

　　1. After shutting down, turn on the fanually to check when theReign matter blocking.

　　2. Remove the Lower Cover and Manually Toggle The Fan to See If the Cooling Fan is Blocked by Paper Jam in the Air Duct.

　　3. Check WHETHER the FAN WIRING IS Connected Properly "EUROPEAN Standard Has 2 Fans, American Standard Has 3

　　4. Replace the fan to rule out ofTher the Fan is damaged.

　　5. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【twenty three】

　　Model error

　　1. Contract us for Direct Remote Control (Prepare Computer, Install Host Computer Software, USB2.0 Cable, Install SUNFLOWER Remote Control Software)

　　2. Proven A Photo of the nameplate on the size of the machine and record the real-time parameters of the display screen.

　　【25】

　　Bus short circuit

　　Please contact us.

　　【26】

　　Input Relay Short Circuit

　　1. Disconnect the PV, MAINS and LOAD, RESTART The Machine, and Only Connect The Battery; See If the Fault Will Be Eliminated.

　　If the fault is eliminated, power on one by one (PV, Mains, load).

　　2. If it is triggered again after restarting, please contact the manufacturer

　　3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact our company (rePlace the relay or check the relay).

　　【28】

　　Mains Input Phase Error

　　1. Check The 39 Parameters of the Machine to Determine WHETHER It NEEDS SINGLE-PHASE or Split-PHASE Input and Output?

　　2. Single-pHASE input and Output is required: 39 items are set to 0,

　　The L1 and L2 Phauses of the Mains input Terminals of the Machine are connected in Parallel to Form the Same Phase.

　　3. Phase-seaPalated input and output are required: 39 items are set to 180,

　　The Mains Input Terminals L1 and L2 of the Machine Respectively Input The Corresponding Phasees of the Mains.

　　4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【29】

　　BUS UnderVoltage Fault

　　1. Check When the Battery Voltage is Low,

　　2. Manual reset: Power OFF and RESTART The Machine.

　　

　　2.1. Check WHETHER a Fault is reported. If the fault is eliminated, charge the battery in time to res, the load.

　　2.2. If it does not return to normalal, there is a proplem on the boost sitting, please contact our company.

　　3. Automatic Reset: Automatical Reset after 5 Minutes;

　　4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【30】

　　Alarm When the Battery Capacity Rate is Lower than 10%

　　【31】

　　Alarm when the battleRery capacity rate is low 5%

　　【32】

　　Low Battery Shutdown

　　【34】

　　Parallel Can Communication Failure

　　1. Check WHETHER the DB15 Black Communication Line Under The Device is Connected Normally.

　　2. WHETHER The Parallel Machine Communication Line is Connected in The Correct Way According to the Manual

　　3. After performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact our company.

　　【35】

　　Parallel Machine ID Setting Error

　　1. Check the [30] Setting Parameters of Each Device to See if there are duplicate id addresses.

　　2. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【37】

　　Parallel Current Sharing Fault

　　1. Check WHether The 2P Red and Black Current Equalizing Wires Under The Device Are Not Properly Connected.

　　2. IS It Connected in the Correct Way According to the InstRuction Manual

　　3. When Single-Phase Paralleling, Check that Each Machine L and l, n and n of accined

　　4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【38】

　　Parallel Mode, Battle Voltage Difference Is Large (Software Detection)

　　【39】

　　In Parallel Mode, The Mains Input Source is Inconsistent

　　【40】

　　Parallel Mode, Hardware Synchronization Signal Failure

　　1. Makes the anput power file is stable.

　　2. The Machine is only connected to the batter, and RESTARTS When the Power is Off

　　3. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【41】

　　Inverter Voltage DC Component is Abnormal (Software Detection)

　　1. The Machine is only connected to the battery, and restarts when the power is off

　　2. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【42】

　　Parallel Program Versions are inconsisistent

　　1. Check WHether The Software Version of Each Machine Is Consistent

　　2. Record The Real-Time Data Video of the Machine, and the Specific Program can be viewed above.

　　3. Contract the manufacturer to assist in upgrading the program for the machine.

　　【43】

　　Parallel Mode, Parallel Wiring Fault

　　1. Determine the required Parallel Mode: SINGLE-PHASE PARALLEL Or Three-Phaser Parallelllll

　　2. Adjust The Parameters of Each Machine to [31].

　　SIG (Standalone Mode)

　　PAL (Single Phase Parallel)

　　2p0/2p1/2p2 (TWO-PHASE PARALLEL Operation): (Required for this detaild operation, Please Refer to the solution to 45 faults)

　　3p0/3p1/3p2 (Three-Phase Parallel Operation): (Required for this detaild operation, please refer to the solution to 45 faults)

　　3. Check WHETHER the DB15 Black Communication Line Under The Device is Connected Normally.

　　4. After Performing the Above Operations, if there are still problems, please contact us.

　　【44】

　　Serial Number Information Error

　　1. Power off and restart.

　　2. Replace a Machine for Parallel Operation.

　　3. Contract the manufferr to assist in Changing the Serial Number of the Machine.

　　【45】

　　Parallel Mode Setting Error

　　(only the host reports failure)

　　【57】

　　Leakage Current Exceeding Protection

　　【58】

　　BMS Injection Molded Parts Communication Error

　　【59】

　　BMS Alarm

　　【60】

　　BMS BATTERY LOW TEMPERARM

　　【61】

　　BMS Battery Over Tempeature Alarm

　　【62】

　　BMS Battery Overcurrent Alarm

　　【63】

　　BMS Battery UnderVoltage Alarm

　　【64】